1. Natasha Rodriguez Julissa Antigua
Harvest of Empire: Dominicans: From the Duarte to the George Washington Bridge
Natasha Rodriguez
Julissa Antigua

2. Timeline
May 30, 1961 — “El Jefe”, General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo was assassinated
Mid 1960s — Dominican Diaspora
April 1965 — uprising that lead to first democratically elected president
— 400,000+ Dominicans legally immigrate to the US; 44,000 move to Puerto Rico
1990 — 300,000+ Dominicans live in NYC
Expected total: 700,000 by early millennium
One of the largest migrations to the US in the past 40 years [pg. 117]
1990s—Dominicans are 2nd largest Hispanic group in northeast
July 4, 1992 — first Dominican riot in US

3. Trujillo Ruled from 1930-1961 Bloody rein
Assassinated by fellow officers in Samana
Kennedy and CIA ousted Trujillo
Trujillo was previously supported by US
Corrupt — connections gave you privilege
Access to Passports were very hard to come by
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4. Post-Trujillo
Juan Bosch: first democratically elected president (1965)
Land reform and communist movement  friction with sugar growers and US
Overthrown after 7 months in office; exiled in Puerto Rico
Colonel Francisco Caamaño: led revolt to bring Bosch back to power
Most radical group of Spanish speaking immigrants in US history

5. Caamaño! Caamaño: son of infamous general during Trujillo-era
Constitutionalists: Bosch supporters
Loyalists: opponents

6. Corruption
“Telephones were tapped, hotel rooms were wired with microphones. Mail was opened, cables scrutinized. Worst of all, as the dictator’s secret informers seeped throughout the land, no man could know whether his neighbor, or his lifelong friends, or even his brother or son or wife, might inform against him…Everyone feared. No one trusted anyone.” [pg ]
Second night of revolt: military planes dropped bombs on downtown
Third day of revolt: air force attacked Duarte bridge
50+ people were killed
Constitutionalists still held gateway to city
Civilian support for rebels plummeted, government soldiers dropped posts, generals surrendered
April 28: President Lyndon Johnson sent marines
US officials leaked wrongful claims that Communists controlled rebellion and Americans were in danger
Joaquin Balaguer took power (longtime aide for Trujillo)
Right wing violence against Bosch supporters

7. Dominican migration to the US
US helped Dominicans come over to diffuse crisis
Standard of living in DR shot down in 1980s- 1990sover 60% of population in DR earned poverty wages
Went largely unnoticed at first
Seen as “blacks who happened to speak Spanish” [pg. 117]
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Discrimination from other Hispanics
Newspapers: recorded accounts of Dominicans in violent crimes and drug trafficking
Whites blamed Dominicans for increase in crime rates
Problem with the newspapers
1) Did not explain why so many Dominicans came to US
2) Did not advertise immigrants’ success

8. Distinct Diaspora Began as refugees started to flee in mid-1960s
Dominicans were not classified as refugees
Cubans were classified as refugees — fleeing Castro
Cubans received federal assistance upon arrival; Dominicans did not
Better educated
Successful in business enterprise
Ex: bodegas
Tension between Dominicans and Puerto Ricans
Conflicts between Latino communities are similar to Latino immigrants vs. white American
I think if the U.S. offered more visas, everyone would leave the country. That’s how bad things are” – Estela Vasquez 1993

9. Professional Athletics

10. Notable Dominicans

11. Citations
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