2. Electronic Crime in Modern Business Cultures Hiram College Online Course By Roger Cram PowerPoint Presentation Atoms, Energy, and Electricity – PART IV

3. Remember from Part III, an alternating current creates and alternating magnetic field. This alternating magnetic field leaves the wire and travels through space at the speed of light. Source: inovateus.net

4. Any conductor (antenna, metal, wire, etc.) that is crossed (struck) by this alternating magnetic field traveling through space has created in the conductor an alternating electric current the same frequencies as the passing alternating electromagnetic field.

5. This process of creating electricity in a wire simply from the magnetic field coming from another wire is called INDUCTION.

6. Source: hk-phy.org The illustration shows a coil of wire. Someone is moving a magnet in and out and in and out of the coil. Therefore, there is a moving magnetic field from the magnet crossing the wire. Anytime a moving magnetic field crosses a wire it creates and alternating electric current in that wire. A generator is a device that creates electricity. All it does is spin a magnet around some wires.

7. Source: pocketnow.com Below, the electric generator is connected to a coil of wire. A light bulb is connected to another coil of wire. The coil connected to the generator is not touching the coil of wire connected to the light bulb. However, the coils are close enough to each other that the electrometric field from the electricity flowing in the generator coil crosses the coil of wire connected to the light bulb. The electrometric field from the generator coil creates electricity in the light bulb coil. This is called induction. GENERATOR

8. A transformer is a devices that raises or lowers voltage through induction.

9. Transformers consist of two or more coils of wire. The primary coil and the secondary coil. Below, let’s say the primary coil has 100 volts applied to its four coil loops. That’s 25 volts per loop (100 volts/4 coil loops = 25 volts per loop). Now, the secondary coil has eight coil loops picking up the magnetic field from the primary coil. At 25 volts per loop, the secondary coil has 200 volts (25 volts per coil x 8 coils = 200 volts) This is called a step-up transformer because the primary voltage is increased in the secondary coil. 100 volts input in the primary coil. 200 volts output in the secondary coil. 4 loops = 25 volts per coil 8 loops at 25 volts per coil = 200 volts

10. Below is pictured a step-up transformer “A” where 110 volts is applied to the primary coil resulting in 220 volts output in the secondary coil. (110 volts / 5 coils = 22 volts per coil) The secondary coil has 10 coil loops at 22 volts per loop = 220 volts). Transformer “B” is a step-down transformer where the primary coil has 22 0 volts applied to 10 coil loops (220 volts / 10 coil loops = 22 volts per coil). The secondary coil has 5 coil loops at 22 volts per loop = 110 volts output. A B

11. Telephone poles carry high voltage wires from the power company often exceeding 14,000 volts. On the pole there are step- down transformers reducing the voltage from 14,000 to 110 volts for use in your home.

12. Schematic Diagram of a transformer. The primary coil has nine loops. The secondary coil has three loops. If the primary coil had 90 volts input applied, that is 9 volts per loop (90 volts / 9 coil loops = 9 volts each loop). The secondary coil has three loops at 9 volts per loop = 30 volts output. Primary coil = 9 loops Secondary coil = 3 loops

13. Cell phones, WI-FI systems in a home or in a businesses, satellites, pagers, telephones, computers, and even computer keyboards transmit electromagnetic magnetic fields that travel through space at the speed of light. All these electromagnetic fields can be intercepted by cyber criminals.

14. The black magnetic strip on the back of your credit card can sometimes be read as you pass by a very sensitive reading device even if your credit card is still in your wallet!

15. Each cell phone has an electronic serial number (ESN) that is built into the phone on an electronic chip at the factory. When you buy a cell phone a mobile identification number (MIN) is assigned to the phone at the time of activation. The MIN identifies the subscriber and the telephone carrier (Verizon, AT&T, Sprint) and is tied to the ESN as a pair. The ESN and MSN are automatically broadcast with each call.

16. When you place a cell phone call, your cell phone sends your ESN/MIN numbers in the form on an electromagnetic wave to the nearest cell tower. The cell phone tower receives the signal and sends it to a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO). The MTSO checks the ESN to make sure the customer pays his/her cell phone bills, that the phone has not been shut off for nonpayment, and that the ESN has not been entered in the fraud file. The MTSO then checks the ESM/MIN pairs of numbers to make sure they are the proper numbers paired at the time of phone activation. When validation is complete, the voice connection is established.

17. Telecrooks in a parked van receive the electromagnetic ESN/MIN signals transmitted from your phone. They insert the ESN/MIN pair into a new chip of a different phone. They then sell the phone to someone else. Each time someone uses that phone, you get the bill. Twelve phones can be cloned in one hour. The life span of a cloned phone used to be 40 days before it was detected. Now it is less than three days because of technology advancements. This is another example of how electromagnetic signals are used by telecrooks and cybercriminals.

18. Things you should know from this presentation: The process of creating electricity in a wire simply from the magnetic field coming from another wire is called INDUCTION. A generator is a device that creates electricity. All it does is spin a magnet around some wires. A transformer is a devices that raises or lowers voltage through induction. Each cell phone has an electronic serial number (ESN) that is built into the phone on an electronic chip at the factory. When you buy a cell phone a mobile identification number (MIN) is assigned to the phone at the time of activation. The MIN identifies the subscriber and the telephone carrier (Verizon, AT&T, Sprint) and is tied to the ESN as a pair. The ESN and MSN are automatically broadcast with each call. Transformers consist of two or more coils of wire. The primary coil and the secondary coil. Be able to determine the voltage per coil.

19. Electronic Crime in Modern Business Cultures Hiram College Online Course By Roger Cram PowerPoint Presentation The End Atoms, Energy, and Electricity – PART IV