1. How do I correctly use source material both within the paper (parenthetical citations) and on the works cited page? How do I use quotes, paraphrasing and summarizing appropriately?

2. You can QUOTE me on that A quote is the exact wording of a statement from a source. Quotes make an essay more believable; they are evidence that can support your thesis.

3. Quotes printed word for word exactly as the author wrote them are direct quotes. These words appear inside quotation marks. Direct Quotes Examples:  “I am thrilled to be representing the great State of Texas at the Free Spirit Conference,” Joe Mama, newspaper adviser said.  “I’m just glad I didn’t have to spend any more time with my adviser than I did,” said Casey Deeya, who added that she enjoyed riding the subways more than attending the conference.

4. Partial Quotes Sometimes it might work better to use a portion of a quote to convey the information than to use an entire quote. To do this, put only the quoted words inside quotation marks. Use partial quotes when you need to use a speaker’s exact words but the entire direct quote might be too long or too confusing for the reader.

5. Examples of a Partial Quote In his novel, Styles at LCC, author Harry Skaulp states that spiked hair is a “part of our cultural heritage, not merely a symbol of rebellion,” adding that he thinks nose piercing should be mandatory. According to Gene, the faculty at Devon treated the boys differently during the summer session because “We reminded them of what peace was like… of lives which were not bound up with destruction” (10).

6. Indirect Quotes Information from a source which is not made up of the author’s exact words is not placed inside quotation marks. This is an indirect quote, which is a paraphrase or a summary of the meaning of the direct quotation. Indirect quotes are used to: Express a fact stated by the source Express a fact stated by the source Clarify a quote that is too long, confusing or dull Clarify a quote that is too long, confusing or dull Condense the ideas of several direct quotes Condense the ideas of several direct quotes

7. Example of an Indirect Quote Direct Quotation Example: It seems like not too many people think about what they're doing every day. In fact, most people seem to agree with Henry Ford, who once said, “Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is probably why so few people do it.” Indirect Quotation Example - It seems like not too many people think about what they're doing every day. In fact, most people seem to agree with Henry Ford, who once pointed out that people don't like hard work, and that's exactly what thinking is.

8.  Never change the meaning of a quote when you paraphrase!  You will still need to cite your source! BEWARE!

9. Integrating Quotations Never just drop a quotation into your paper. Always introduce it and explain it with your own words. Never just drop a quotation into your paper. Always introduce it and explain it with your own words.

10. A well-integrated quote is a lot like a sandwich: On top you have a sentence that is your own thought and summary, setting the context for the quote that you intend to use to prove illustrate point. Then you have the quote (with author tag/signal phrase) to back up your thought Then on the bottom you have a sentence of your own that reflects back on the quote

11. 1. Incorporate the quotation into your sentence. 1. Incorporate the quotation into your sentence. As Bob is being beaten, he hopes he “will become unconscious but can’t.” As Bob is being beaten, he hopes he “will become unconscious but can’t.” Bob appraises Mrs. Harrison derisively, stating that “she looked so complacent, sitting there in her two-hundred dollar chair...bought with dough her husband had made overcharging poor hard-working people for his incompetent services, that I had a crazy impulse to needle her.” Bob appraises Mrs. Harrison derisively, stating that “she looked so complacent, sitting there in her two-hundred dollar chair...bought with dough her husband had made overcharging poor hard-working people for his incompetent services, that I had a crazy impulse to needle her.”

12. 2. Introduce the quotation by using an attributive tag like he writes, she claims, and so on. 2. Introduce the quotation by using an attributive tag like he writes, she claims, and so on. To describe his childlike consciousness, Wright explains, “Each event spoke with a cryptic tongue. And the moments of living slowly revealed their coded meanings.” To describe his childlike consciousness, Wright explains, “Each event spoke with a cryptic tongue. And the moments of living slowly revealed their coded meanings.” After going to Memphis and boarding with Mrs. Moss, Wright wonders, “Was it wise to remain here with a seventeen-year-old girl eager for marriage and a mother equally anxious to have her marry me?” After going to Memphis and boarding with Mrs. Moss, Wright wonders, “Was it wise to remain here with a seventeen-year-old girl eager for marriage and a mother equally anxious to have her marry me?”

13. According to Jane Doe, "..." As Jane Doe goes on to explain, "..." Characterized by John Doe, the society is "..." As one critic points out, "..." John Doe believes that "..." Jane Doe claims that "..." In the words of John Doe, "..." Ways to start your quote with attributive tags

14. 3. Introduce the quotation by writing a full sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation, which should itself be a full sentence. 3. Introduce the quotation by writing a full sentence and a colon to introduce the quotation, which should itself be a full sentence. Bob’s description of Madge emphasizes her fake appearance: “She was a peroxide blonde with a large-featured, overly made-up face, and she had a large, bright-painted, fleshy mouth.” Bob’s description of Madge emphasizes her fake appearance: “She was a peroxide blonde with a large-featured, overly made-up face, and she had a large, bright-painted, fleshy mouth.” Richard Wright explains his reasons for writing: “I was striving for a level of expression that matched those of the novels I read.” Richard Wright explains his reasons for writing: “I was striving for a level of expression that matched those of the novels I read.”

15. Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text Author’s last name and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” (Wordsworth 263) Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” (263)

16. Punctuating Quotations The author’s exact words go inside the quotation marks: “I am super, duper cool.” The author’s exact words go inside the quotation marks: “I am super, duper cool.” The end punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation point) goes inside the last quotation mark. “Give me the money!” The end punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation point) goes inside the last quotation mark. “Give me the money!” When the attribution comes after a direct quote, use a comma to separate the quote from the attribution. “Here it is,” replied Bob. When the attribution comes after a direct quote, use a comma to separate the quote from the attribution. “Here it is,” replied Bob. If a question mark relates to the sentence and not the quote, place it at the end of the sentence outside the quotation marks: What kind of moron says, “I am super, duper cool”? If a question mark relates to the sentence and not the quote, place it at the end of the sentence outside the quotation marks: What kind of moron says, “I am super, duper cool”?

17. Punctuating Quotations Use single quotation marks to indicate a quote inside a quote. “And so I told her, ‘Fix your own tire, Grandma!’” Use single quotation marks to indicate a quote inside a quote. “And so I told her, ‘Fix your own tire, Grandma!’” If a quote is a complete sentence, begin it with a capital letter. If it’s not, don’t. If a quote is a complete sentence, begin it with a capital letter. If it’s not, don’t.

18. Block a quotation if it is four lines or longer. Indent the quotation one half of an inch on both sides, and punctuate it like the following example. Block a quotation if it is four lines or longer. Indent the quotation one half of an inch on both sides, and punctuate it like the following example. Wright describes how his mother’s illness affected him: My mother’s suffering grew into a My mother’s suffering grew into a symbol in my mind, gathering to itself all the poverty, the ignorance, the helplessness; the painful, baffling, hunger-ridden days and hours; the restless moving, the futile seeking, the uncertainty, the fear, the dread. (Wright 29)

19. The intro generally will not have a quote in it – it will be entirely your own words After that, you’ll start every paragraph with your own words. Then, for possibly the second or third sentence of each paragraph, you can use a well-integrated quote to illustrate or prove the topic sentence of that paragraph And finally, you can close off each paragraph with a reflection of your own showing how that quote worked to support your point. Writing your Paper

20. A couple of rules of thumb: Do not start a paragraph with a quote Do not end a paragraph with a quote Just one or two fairly short quotes per paragraph Keep your quotes short Just quote the good stuff