1. How could you extract the DNA from these kiwis? What problems might you face?

2. Overview In order to extract DNA from plant cells you need to be able to break through the cell wall and membranes of the cell Thinking Points How can we do this in the laboratory? How well will you be able to see the DNA?

3. DNA is found in every cell of every living thing, including kiwi fruit, but the trick is how to get it out of the cells. Part of the problem is getting the DNA out of the cells and then you also have the problem of disentangling the DNA from the protein inside the cells.

4. Extracting DNA from cells Equipment: -Kiwi fruit -Salt -Washing up liquid -Water -2 x 250cm 3 beaker -Knife and white tile -Water bath -Stopclock -Iced water -Ice cold ethanol -Filter paper Aim: Investigate how to extract DNA from a kiwi

5. Safety goggles on Hair tied back Ethanol is flammable – keep away from naked flame You are using sharp knives – be responsible Responsible attitude Follow instructions on the first time of giving!

6. Make a solution of teaspoon of salt 6ml washing up liquid 1 of water In a plastic cup

7. Chop up the kiwi fruit and add to the solution you have just made Chopping the kiwi breaks open the cell. The solution of detergent and salt strips away the cell membrane and allows the contents to escape

8. Make a water bath up to 60oC Stir the mixture (DONT LET IT FROTH!) Put into the water bath for 6 minutes

9. Remove the beaker from the water bath. And put into a tub of ice for 3 minutes

10. Pour the mixture into a funnel lined with filter paper Collect 50cm³of the liquid in a clean beaker

11. Drizzle ice cold ethanol down the inside of the beaker When you pour the cold ethanol onto the green layer you make the DNA dissolved in the water layer at the bottom turn into a solid, this is because the DNA cannot remain in solution in ethanol.

12. You should be able to see a white layer. Try scooping out the DNA using the piece of wire

13. What you should have seen…

14. DNA Extraction Complete the cut and stick activity. The pictures are in order but the instructions aren’t! When you’ve finished, try the review activity.

15. Review - What’s inside our nucleus? 1. Label as much of this diagram as you can 2. What words would you associate with genetics other than those you’ve labelled the diagram with?

16. Back to DNA Discoveries Try the questions on experiments showing that DNA is the genetic materialTry the questions on experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material.