2. 2015-8-221  Geography of the UK

3. 2015-8-222 Main topics 1.Name of the Country 2.Symbols of the UK 3.Formation of the Country 4.Name of the people 5.Where is the UK and What ’ s the size? 6.Climate 7.Natural resources

4. 2015-8-223 Name of the country  The Name of the Union The full and official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The abbreviated name: the United Kingdom / the UK / Great Britain / Britain The informal name: England

5. 2015-8-224 Symbols of the UK and its member countries What may remind you of the country and its member countries Symbols of The UK Symbols of England Symbols of Scotland Symbols of Wales Symbols of Northern Ireland

6. 2015-8-225 Union flag Union Flag or Union Jack

7. 2015-8-226 National Emblem ( 国徽 )  The shape of a shield  The symbol of the unity: the center England: Yellow lions Scotland: Red lion ready to fight Ireland: David ’ s harp  The symbol of belligerence: the middle The Order of Garter: the medal The helmet The motto: Honi soit qui mal y pense Shame who think of it badly. Shame whoever thinks it evil ( 恶有恶报 )  The symbol of support, and the passant guardian England: the standing lion: a passant guardian Scotland: the standing unicornunicorn  The symbol of the importance of England  The symbol of the king/queen The motto of the queen:Dieu et mon droit God and my right ( 天有上帝，我有权力 )

8. 2015-8-227 British national anthem ( 国歌 )  "God Save the Queen/ the King" Used to be an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms; Currently serves as the national anthem of the United Kingdom, one of the two national anthems of New Zealand, and the royal anthem of Canada, Australia, Jamaica and the Isle of Man.  God save the Queen God save our gracious Queen 帝保佑女王， Long live our noble Queen 祝她万寿无疆， God save the Queen 神佑女王。 Send her victorious 常胜利， Happy and glorious 沐荣光；孚民望，心欢畅； Long to reign over us 治国家，王运长； God save the Queen. 神佑女王！ Thy choicest gifts in store 愿上帝恩泽长， On her be pleased to pour 选精品，倾宝囊， Long may she reign 万岁女王！ May she defend our laws 愿她保护法律， And give us ever cause 使民心齐归向， To sing with heart and voice 一致衷心歌唱， God save the Queen. 神佑女王！  [Video] [Video]

9. 2015-8-228 National flags of the UK St. George ‘ s Flag (England) St Andrew's Flag (Scotland) The Red Dragon (Wales) St Patrick's Flag (Ireland) National flags of the UK

10. 2015-8-229 National personification of the UK (1) Britannia Tails of British coins The name Romans gave to the southern British province (England today) The name that was given to the female embodiment of Britain, wearing a helmet holding a trident 'Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves'.

11. 2015-8-2210 National personification of the UK (2) John Bull A fictional character Personify certain English virtues: Patriotism and determination His appearance: An 18th century country gentleman Reminding of an idyllic rural past

12. 2015-8-2211 National animals of the UK Lion Bulldog Robin Red fox

13. 2015-8-2212 Motto of the UK Dieu et mon droit. (French) God and my right. (English) 天有上帝, 我有权利。

14. 2015-8-2213 Symbols of England

15. 2015-8-2214 National flag of England

16. 2015-8-2215 Patron Saint of England Saint George (ca. 275-281 – April 23, 303) a soldier of the Roman Empire from the then Anatolia (Turkey) venerated as a Christian martyr He is immortalised in the tale of George and the Dragon.

17. 2015-8-2216 National Flower of England The Tudor rose sometimes called the English Rose is a traditional emblem of England takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty

18. 2015-8-2217 National animal of England Lion Courage and bravery

19. 2015-8-2218 Coats of arms of England Three lions

20. 2015-8-2219 Motto of England Dieu et mon droit. (French) God and my right. (English) 天有上帝, 我有权利。 (the same as that of the UK)

21. 2015-8-2220 Symbols of Scotland

22. 2015-8-2221 National Flag of Scotland

23. 2015-8-2222 National flower of Scotland Thistle ( 蓟 )

24. 2015-8-2223 Patron Saint of Scotland St. Andrew An old man long white hair and beard the Gospel ( 福音书 ) in right hand Venerated by all Christianity

25. 2015-8-2224 National Animal of Scotland Unicorn ( 独角兽 ) a horse differing with a horn on its forehead

26. 2015-8-2225 Coat of arms of Scotland a red lion with blue tongue and claws on a yellow field surrounded by a red double royal tressure

27. 2015-8-2226 Motto of Scotland Nemo me impune lacessit. (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity. 犯我者必被犯。 (http://sduwxy.blog.sohu.com/39587 039.html)

28. 2015-8-2227 Symbols of Wales

29. 2015-8-2228 National flag of Wales Red Drag Flag

30. 2015-8-2229 Patron Saint of Wales  St. David bishop with a dove, usually on his shoulder, venerated by Roman Catholic Church; Anglican Communion

31. 2015-8-2230 National flower of Wales Daffodil ( 水仙 ) Leek ( 韭葱 )

32. 2015-8-2231 National animal of Wales Y Ddraig Goch ( [ ə ðrai ɡ ɡ ox])

33. 2015-8-2232 Coat of arms of Wales used by the Prince of Wales

34. 2015-8-2233 Motto of Wales Cymru am byth (Welsh) Wales Forever. 永远的威尔士。

35. 2015-8-2234 Symbols of Northern Ireland

36. 2015-8-2235 National flag of Northern Ireland

37. 2015-8-2236 Patron Saint of Northern Ireland St. Patrick (also the patron of the whole island with the Republic of Ireland included) Patrick, when a boy, was seized by pirates from his home near Carlisle and sold into bondage to an Irish chieftain. He escaped, and at length reached the Continent, where eventually he was ordained a bishop. Later he returned to the land of his former captivity, and by his preaching converted the Irish to Christianity. Legend says at that time the country was oppressed by great serpents and a host of loathsome, poisonous reptiles. Endowed with miraculous power, St. Patrick drove every snake from the land into that unfathomed pool, amid the Kerry Hills, from whence only the Last Trumpet may release them.

38. 2015-8-2237 National Flower of Northern Ireland Shamrock ( 荷兰翘摇 ) Flax ( 亚麻 )

39. 2015-8-2238 Coat of arms of Northern Ireland Obsolete

40. 2015-8-2239 Motto of Northern Ireland Quis separabit? (Latin) Who shall separate us? (English) 何人能将我们分开？

41. 2015-8-2240 Formation of the UK

42. 2015-8-2241 Name of the peoples  The peoples of the country When and where did “Britain” come from? the Brythons (Britons) migrating from the European Continent before 300 B.C. When and where did “England” come from? Anglo Saxon and Jutes, collectively known as Angles, migrating from the northwestern Europe in the 5th century A.D England: “Angla-land”, the land of Angles Yesterday’s name (from 1800 and the early 1920’s): England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland: once separate nations England has controlled the other nations over centuries. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Today’s name: the 26 Irish Free States achieved their independence in 1921. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

43. 2015-8-2242 Where is the UK and what ’ s its size?  The location of the UK  Neighboring countries  The size of the UK  Landforms  Rivers and lakes  Coastline

44. 2015-8-2243 Where is the UK and what ’ s its size?  Location Situated in Western Europe Separated from the European continent by the North Sea the Strait of Dover the English Channel Its latitude 50°N--60°N Its longitude 2°E-- 8°W The prime meridian of 0° old Greenwich observatory

45. 2015-8-2244 Prime Meridian ( 本初子午线 ) (A video clip) (A video clip)

46. 2015-8-2245 Where is the UK and what ’ s its size? UK Neighbors: France Holland Germany Denmark Norway Belgium the Irish Republic Iceland

47. 2015-8-2246 Where is the UK and what ’ s its size?  A small country Size (mid-2006) 242,514 km 2 (79th ) 2% 966 km from the south coast to the extreme north of mainland Britain 483 km across the widest part Population 60,587,300 (21st) Density 248 h/km 2 (48th)  Yet a big role Political role: UN, G8 (G7), NATO, British Commonwealth … Economic role: EU member, GDP Total $2.660.7 billion (5th) - Per capita $38,624 (12th) Cultural role: the English language, the tourism … Educational role: Oxford, Cambridge … international students …

48. 2015-8-2247 Landforms (1)  The rough division of the island of Great Britain the lowland & the highland the lowland: Midland, southern and eastern England the highland: the Pennines, the Lake District, most of Wales and Scotland. Smaller islands: Channel Islands, Scilly Isles, Isle of Wight Isle of Man Inner Hebrides Outer Hebrides Orkney Islands Shetland Islands

49. 2015-8-2248 Landforms (2) Landforms of England 130,000 square kilometers, three landform regions 1.the east, the southeast and midland: plains 2.middle England: highland formed by the Pennines: the backbone of England Cross Fell (Summit 893 m) 3. The north and west: hilly: the Cumbrian Mountain Range Scafell (977 m), the highest in England

50. 2015-8-2249 Landforms (3)  Scotland Landforms of Scotland: highland 78,760 km 2 2/3 is covered by Highlands. the Grampian Mountains Ben Nevis (1344 m), the highest mountain  Wales 20,700 km 2 : much of the land is pastureland for sheep and cattle the industrial south the central plateaus and lakes the mountainous north of the farmers and tourists. Snowdon (1085m)  Northern Ireland Mainly composed of plains mainly farming and cattle-raising

51. 2015-8-2250 Rivers and Lakes (1) Thames River (338 km) (A boat trip)A boat trip  Severn River (354 km), which rises in the mountains of Wales and empties into the Bristol Channel, where the ports of Cardiff and Bristol are located.  The Mersey River (110 kilometers in length) flows between Lancashire and Cheshire into the Irish Sea. Its estuary, navigable for ocean vessels, is linked to Manchester by a ship canal, with the port Liverpool on its mouth.

52. 2015-8-2251 Rivers and Lakes  Since Britain was subjected to considerable glaciations, the highlands, especially in northern Scotland, the Cumbrian Mountains, and the North Wales, contain many deep valleys filled with long, ribbon-shaped lakes. These regions constitute great attractions for tourists. Lakes in Britain are chiefly found in the English Lake District, the Scottish Highlands, the Welsh mountains and Northern Ireland.  The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes and its mountains (or fells), and its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets.  Lake Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest of all throughout the country and covers an area of some 396 square kilometers.  Loch Ness in Scotland is always linked with the monster.

53. 2015-8-2252 Lakes Lake District William Wordsworth & his tomb White sheep & Black sheep

54. 2015-8-2253 Romanticism and William Wordsworth (1)  Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated around the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature in art and literature. The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature. It elevated folk art, nature and custom, as well as arguing for an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage. It was influenced by ideas of the Enlightenment and elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period.  English romanticism: active and passive Shelley Byron Coleridge Wordsworth

55. 2015-8-2254 Romanticism and William Wordsworth (2) Daffodils  I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.  Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in a sprightly dance.  The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:  For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.

56. 2015-8-2255 Coastline  The United Kingdom maritime claims a coastline of 12,429 km no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters  The UK claims jurisdiction over territorial sea of 22 km exclusive fishing zone of 370 km the continental shelf (as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries)

57. 2015-8-2256 Temperate, maritime climate  Factors effecting the climate the Gulf Stream the Atlantic Ocean  an annual average rainfall of over 1,020 millimeters,  mountainous areas of the west and the north have far more rain than the plains of the east and the south.

58. 2015-8-2257 Temperate, maritime climate  Summer: annual temperature: 10 ℃  January isotherms July isotherms Climate divisions Damp and warm all the year round with rare extremes.

59. 2015-8-2258 Temperate, maritime climate  Almost all of the British Isles is to the north of Chinese Mohe （漠河）, but the climates are rather different 。

60. 2015-8-2259 Features of climate  More fogs or smog (smoke + fog) in winter, London  More rainy days but less sunny days Rainfall: not very heavy but rather often Shetlands 260 days a year  Instability or changeability

61. 2015-8-2260 Natural Resources — coal  Annual coal production: more than 120 million tons.  Closing down and modernization  Scotland Ayrshire  Central England （ 40% ） York Birmingham Nottingham Leicester Derby  Northeastern and southeastern England Durham Northumberland Canterbury  South Wales South Wales

62. 2015-8-2261 Natural Resources — petroleum  The North Sea is the site of Western Europe ’ s largest oil and natural gas reserves. It is surrounded to the west, south, and east by the UK, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.  Oil and Gas Journal (2005) reports 14.8 billion barrels of proven oil reserves Norway 57 % the UK 30% 5.9 million bbl/d  Total oil production the UK was 2.08 million bbl/d in 2005, Most of the UK crude oil grades are light and sweet ( 脱硫油 ),  Oil production is expected to continue to decline, reaching 1.38 million bbl/d by 2009.  Reasons for this decline: 1) the overall maturity of the country ’ s oil fields; 2) the application of new crude oil extraction technologies that lead to field exhaustion at a quicker rate; and 3) increasing costs as production shifts to more remote and inhospitable regions

63. 2015-8-2262 Natural Resources — forestation  Woodland coverage: 2.7 million hectares (2004) England: a little less than 8% Scotland nearly 17% Wales: 14% Northern Ireland: 6%  The UK imports 85% of its timber and wood products, which costs about ￡ 1 billion a year.  Its woodlands produced 9 million cubic metres of timber,15% of total UK consumption. (rotting tree 1, woodcrasher 2, woodcrasher 3)rotting tree 1woodcrasher 2woodcrasher 3  www/sduwxy.blog.sohu.com www/sduwxy.blog.sohu.com

64. 2015-8-2263 Natural resources — fresh water  With too much rain and many short and rapid rivers, Britain is rich in water resources.  However, it still cannot meet the needs of the growing industry and agriculture irrigation.  Water pollution affects many English and Scottish rivers. The fresh water problems, including inland water pollution, are far from being solved.  My blog with sohu.com www/sduwxy.blog.sohu.com

65. 2015-8-2264 The end