1. Integ. Science Location Due Date Assignments
Take Notes &Define Key Terms on 2 – 26
Read/Use Appendix B
p. A8
Metric Homework part 1
Metric Homework part 2
Textbook/ Notebook
Today
Textbook/ Notebook
Tuesday
Worksheet
Tuesday
Worksheet
Worksheet
Wednesday

2. Precision and Accuracy
Precision indicates degree of reproducibility of a measured number.
Accuracy indicates how close your measurements are to the true value.

3. Precision and Accuracy
When making measurements in science you want them to be both precise and accurate.

4. SI Base Units Time Length Temperature Mass Volume Amount
Physical Quantity Unit (standard) Symbol
Time
Length
Temperature
Mass
Volume
Amount

5. SI Base and Derived Units
Physical Quantity
Base Unit
Symbol
length
meter m
area
square meter m2
mass
kilogram kg
volume
liter l
density
gram/liter
g/l
temperature
degrees Celsius °C
thermodynamic temperature      
kelvin K
time
second s
electric current
ampere A
amount of substance
mole
mol
luminous intensity
candela Cd

6. Metric System
Designed during the French Revolution of the 1790's, the metric system brought order out of the conflicting and confusing traditional systems of weights and measures then being used in Europe. Prior to the introduction of the metric system, it was common for units of length, land area, and weight to vary, not just from one country to another but from one region to another within the same country.

7. Metric System
The metric system replaces all the traditional units, except the units of time and of angle measure, with units satisfying three conditions:
(1) One fundamental unit is defined for each quantity. These units are now defined precisely in the International System of Units.
(2) Multiples and fractions of these fundamental units are created by adding prefixes to the names of the defined units.
(3) The fundamental units are defined rationally and are related to each other in a rational fashion.
The metric units were defined in an elegant way unlike any traditional units of measure. The Earth itself was selected as the measuring stick. The meter was defined to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole

8. ***** ***** ***** ***** Mega kilo hecto deka BASE UNIT deci centi
milli
*****
*****
micro

9. Metric System Prefixes giga – G 1,000,000,000 = 1*10 9
mega – M 1,000, = 1*10 6
kilo – k 1, = 1*10 3
hecto – h = 1*10 2
deka – da = 1*10 1
Base Unit – (meter, gram, liter, second) = 1*10 0
deci – d = 1*10 -1
centi – c = 1*10 -2
milli – m = 1*10 -3
micro - µ = 1*10 -6
nano – n = 1*10 -9

10. Metric System Understanding prefixes
Prefixes are short names and letter symbols for numbers (powers of ten). A prefix is attached to the front of a unit, without a space. Prefixes are easier to write and say than powers of ten, ordinary notation, or traditional number names. Compare:
25 MW(pronounced and spelled out: 25 megawatts)
25 X106 (the 106 is a power of ten)
W   (ordinary notation)
25 million watts   (traditional number name)

11. Metric System
As you go up the "ladder" of these prefixes, the unit is multiplied in steps of 1000, or 103.
km = 1000 X m [kilometer]
Mm = 1000 X km [megameter]
Gm = 1000 X Mm [gigameter]
Going down the prefix scale, a unit is divided in steps of In other words, it is multiplied in steps of (= 1/1000).
mm = X m [millimeter]
µm = X mm [micrometer]
nm = X µm [nanometer]

12. Metric System Changing prefixes by moving the decimal point
Choose a prefix that will simplify an expression by eliminating unnecessary placeholding zeros (non-significant digits). To switch to the next larger prefix, move the decimal point three places to the left.
4 000 m = 4 km
1 500 mg = 1.5 g
500 mL = 0.5 L
kg = 76 Mg
2 300 µs = 2.3 ms
To switch to the next smaller prefix, move the decimal point three places to the right.
0.005 m = 5 mm
0.009 kg = 9 g
mm = 3.2 µm
When moving the decimal point to the right, you may have to add one or two place holding zeros at the end of the number to show where the (unexpressed) decimal point goes.
0.03 g = 30 mg
0.2 L = 200 mL

13. Practice Problems 120 mm = _______________cm
48.6 g = _______________ cg
84,000 cm = _______________ Mm
19.7 mm = _______________m
23.89 km = _______________cm
.098 mg = _______________kg
29.9 Ms = _______________µs

14. Practice Problems 421 m = _______________cm
486 cg = _______________ Mg
17,000 km = _______________ Mm
17 mm = _______________dam
23 km = _______________cm
225,081 mg = _______________kg
53 Ms = _______________µs

15. English – Metric Conversion Tables

16. Imperial Metric 1 inch [in] 2.54 cm 1 foot [ft] 12 in 0.3048 m
Linear Measure
Imperial
Metric
1 inch [in]
2.54 cm
1 foot [ft]
12 in m
1 yard [yd]
3 ft m
1 mile
1760 yd km
1 nautical mile yd
1.852 km

17. Linear Measure Practice
Inches to Centimeters and cm to in
34.3 in = ??? cm 94 cm = ??? in
Feet to Meters and m to ft
8 ft = ??? m m = ??? ft
Yards to Meters and m to yd
100 yd = ??? m m = ??? yd
Miles to Kilometers and km to mi.
51.8 mi = ??? km 5 km = ??? mi

18. Imperial Metric 1 in3 Cubic Inches 16.387 cm3 1 ft3 Cubic Feet
Volume Measure
Imperial
Metric
1 in3 Cubic Inches
cm3
1 ft3 Cubic Feet
1,728 in3 m3
1 fl oz Fluid Ounces ml
1 pt Pint
20 fl oz l
1 gal
8 pt
3.780 l

19. Volume Practice Cubic inches to cubic centimeters
15 in3 = ??? cm cm3 = ??? in3
Cubic feet to cubic meters
3 ft3 = ??? m m3 = ??? ft3
Ounces to milliliters
89 oz = ??? ml 89 ml = ??? oz
Gallons to liters
4 gal = ??? L 63 L = ??? gal

20. Imperial Metric 1 ounce [oz] 437.5 grain 28.35 g 1 pound [lb] 16 oz
Mass Measure
Imperial
Metric
1 ounce [oz]
437.5 grain
28.35 g
1 pound [lb]
16 oz kg
1 stone
14 lb kg
1 hundredweight [cwt]
112 lb kg
1 long ton (UK)
20 cwt
1.016 t
1 short ton (US)
2,000 lb
0.907 t

21. Mass, Volume, and Density
Physical Properties
Mass, Volume, and Density

22. What do you know about mass?

23. Mass Measure of the amount of matter that makes up an object.
Units used to designate mass are kilograms (kg)
You can measure an objects mass using a balance (triple beam, electronic, spring).

24. Volume
What is Volume?

25. Volume
Volume is a measurement of the three-dimensional space occupied by an object.
Units include cm3 and mL.
Solids, liquids, and gases all have volume, but you measure each differently.
Solid – calculate geometrically or displacement
Liquid – measure using a graduated cylinder

26. How does Density relate to Mass and Volume?

27. Density The amount of matter in a given space.
Does this sound familiar?
Concentration or Compactness
The unit for density is or .

28. Mass, Volume, and Density
Mass volume and density are directly related.
Practice Exercise:
Measure the mass and volume of an object in the room.
Calculate the Density of the Object.
What are the units associated with this calculation?

29. Formulae Density = Mass / Volume Mass = Density x Volume

30. Practice Problems
Calculate the volume of an object that is 34 cm by 25 cm by 8 cm.
Given: V = 50 mL D = .75 g/mL
Calculate: Mass
3. Given: M = 55 g D = 2.3 g/cm3
Calculate: Volume
Given: M = .13 kg V = 20 mL
Calculate: Density

31. Significant Figures
It is important to record the precision of your measurements so that other people can understand and interpret your results.
A common convention used in science to indicate precision is known as significant figures.
Significant figures are those digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain.

32. Significant Figures
Even though this ruler is marked in only centimeters and half-centimeters, if you estimate, you can use it to report measurements to a precision of a millimeter.

33. Rules for Sig Fig
Rule 1
Zeros between other nonzero digits are significant.
Examples
50.3 m has three significant figures
s has five significant figures

34. Rules for Sig Fig
Rule 2
Zeros in front of nonzero digits are not significant.
Examples
0.892 has three significant figures
s has one significant figure

35. Rules for Sig Fig
Rule 3
Zeros that are at the end of a number and also to the right of a decimal point are significant.
Examples
57.00 g has four significant figures
kg has seven significant figure

36. Rules for Sig Fig
Rule 4
Zeros that are at the end of a number but left of the decimal point are not significant.
Examples
100 m has ONE significant figure
20 m has ONE significant figure

37. Rules for Sig. Fig. Extra Rule
Zeros that are at the end of a number but left of the decimal point that are measured to be significant are indeed significant.
Examples
A scale measures kg has four significant figures and is written in scientific notation:
1.200 x 10 kg so Rule 3 applies 3