1. 17 Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. Automating Tasks with the Scheduler

2. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-2 Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: Simplify management tasks by using the Scheduler Create a job, program, schedule, and window Reuse Scheduler components for similar tasks View information about job executions and job instances

3. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-3 Scheduling Needs Create month-end report on the last day of each month Compute table and index statistics twice a day Replicate table data via materialized view refreshes Generate daily report on invalid server access attempts Start the batch load at 4:00 a.m. Check for queued events every 10 minutes Run daily job to backup database

4. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-4 Scheduler Concepts JobProgram Arguments Schedule Job class Window Resource plan Window group Resource Consumer Group

5. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-5

6. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-6 Privileges for Scheduler Components CREATE [ANY] JOB EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM EXECUTE ANY CLASS MANAGE SCHEDULER EXECUTE ON ALTER ON ALL ON System and object privileges SCHEDULER_ADMIN role CREATE JOB CREATE ANY JOB EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM EXECUTE ANY CLASS MANAGE SCHEDULER

7. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-7

8. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-8 Creating a Scheduler Job There are many ways to create a job: Specifying the components in-line as part of the CREATE_JOB procedure Specifying the task directly and using a saved schedule Calling a saved program and a saved schedule Calling a saved program and specifying the schedule directly

9. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-9 Creating a Scheduler Job: Example Create a job that calls a backup script every night at 23:00 (starting tonight). BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB( job_name=>'HR.DO_BACKUP', job_type => 'EXECUTABLE', job_action =>'/home/usr/dba/rman/nightly_incr.sh', start_date=>TRUNC(SYSDATE)+23/24, repeat_interval=>'TRUNC(SYSDATE+1)+23/24', /* next night at 11:00 PM */ comments => 'Nightly incremental backups'); END; /

10. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-10 Setting the Repeat Interval for a Job Using a calendaring expression: Using a datetime expression: repeat_interval=> 'FREQ=HOURLY; INTERVAL=4' repeat_interval=> 'FREQ=DAILY' repeat_interval=> 'FREQ=MINUTELY; INTERVAL=15' repeat_interval=> 'FREQ=YEARLY; BYMONTH=MAR,JUN,SEP,DEC; BYMONTHDAY=15' repeat_interval=> 'SYSDATE + 36/24' repeat_interval=> 'SYSDATE + 1' repeat_interval=> 'SYSDATE + 15/(24*60)'

11. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-11 Calendaring Expressions YEARLY MONTHLY WEEKLY DAILY HOURLY MINUTELY SECONDLY INTERVAL (1-999) BYMONTH BYWEEKNO BYYEARDAY BYMONTHDAY BYDAY BYHOUR BYMINUTE BYSECOND Frequency Interval Specifiers

12. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-12 Using Scheduler Programs BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_PROGRAM( program_name => 'CALC_STATS2', program_action => 'HR.UPDATE_SCHEMA_STATS', program_type => 'STORED_PROCEDURE', enabled => TRUE); DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB( job_name=>'HR.GET_STATS2', program_name=>'HR.CALC_STATS2', start_date=>'20-DEC-04 07.00.00 AM Greenwich', repeat_interval=> 'FREQ=HOURLY;INTERVAL=2', end_date => '20-DEC-05 07.00.00 AM Greenwich', comments => 'Explicitly scheduled job'); END; /

13. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-13 Creating a Program Using EM

14. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-14 Specifying Schedules for a Job Example schedules: Wednesday, December 26, 2002, at 2:00 p.m. Every fourth Thursday Every Monday at 8:00 a.m., starting on January 29, 2004, and ending on March 31, 2004 Schedule Start time End time or limit One Time job Repeating job

15. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-15 Creating and Using Schedules BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_SCHEDULE( schedule_name => 'stats_schedule', start_date => SYSTIMESTAMP, end_date => SYSTIMESTAMP + 30, repeat_interval => 'FREQ=HOURLY;INTERVAL=4', comments => 'Every 4 hours'); DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB( job_name => 'HR.GET_STATS', program_name => 'HR.CALC_STATS2', schedule_name => 'STATS_SCHEDULE'); END; /

16. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-16 Using EM to Create Schedules

17. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-17 Advanced Scheduler Concepts JobProgram Arguments Schedule Job class Window Resource plan Window group Resource Consumer Group

18. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-18 Creating a Job Class

19. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-19 Creating a Job Class EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB_CLASS( - job_class_name => 'ADMIN_JOBS', - resource_consumer_group => 'DAYTIME_JOBS', - logging_level => DBMS_SCHEDULER.LOGGING_OFF); Job Class Resource Consumer Group Service Log History Logging Level

20. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-20 Job Logging By default, all job runs are logged. The amount of information logged can be controlled at the job class level. EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB_CLASS( - job_class_name => 'ADMIN_JOBS', - resource_consumer_group => 'DAYTIME_JOBS', - logging_level => DBMS_SCHEDULER.LOGGING_RUNS, - log_history => 30);

21. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-21 Creating a Window Create a window for the month of December that uses the END_OF_YEAR resource plan and is active every night from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST). BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_WINDOW( window_name => 'DEC_NIGHTS', resource_plan => 'END_OF_YEAR', start_date => '01-DEC-04 06.00.00 PM EST', repeat_interval => 'FREQ=DAILY; BYHOUR=18', duration => '0 12:00:00', end_date => '31-DEC-04 06.00.00 AM EST', comments => 'Every day at 6:00 PM'); END; /

22. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-22

23. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-23 Prioritizing Jobs Within a Window Daytime Window APPL_JOBS Job1Job2 ADMIN_JOBS Job4Job5 OTHER Job3 JobPriority Job11 Job25 Job33 Job44 Job52

24. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-24

25. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-25 Enabling and Disabling Scheduler Components Enable the CALC_STATS2 program: Disable the GET_STATS job: EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.ENABLE('HR.CALC_STATS2'); EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.DISABLE('HR.GET_STATS');

26. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-26 Managing Jobs Run a job: Stop a job: Drop a job, even if it is currently running: DBMS_SCHEDULER.RUN_JOB('HR.JOB1'); DBMS_SCHEDULER.STOP_JOB('HR.JOB2'); DBMS_SCHEDULER.DROP_JOB('HR.JOB1,HR.JOB2, SYS.JOBCLASS1');

27. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-27 Managing Programs Enabling a program: Disabling a program: Dropping a program: EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.DROP_PROGRAM( - program_name => 'HR.PROG1', - force => FALSE ); EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.ENABLE( - 'HR.PROG1,HR.PROG2'); EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.DISABLE( - 'HR.PROG1,HR.PROG2');

28. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-28 Managing Programs with EM

29. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-29 Managing Schedules CREATE_SCHEDULE SET_ATTRIBUTE (to alter a schedule) DROP_SCHEDULE EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.DROP_SCHEDULE( - schedule_name => 'HR.STATS_SCHEDULE'); EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE( - name => 'HR.STATS_SCHEDULE', - attribute => 'START_DATE', - value => '01-JAN-2004 9:00:00 US/Pacific');

30. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-30 Managing Windows DBMS_SCHEDULER.OPEN_WINDOW( window_name =>'DEC_NIGHTS', duration => '1 0:00:00' ); DBMS_SCHEDULER.CLOSE_WINDOW('DEC_NIGHTS'); DBMS_SCHEDULER.DROP_WINDOW( window_name =>'DEC_NIGHTS, DEC_DAYS', force => TRUE); DBMS_SCHEDULER.DISABLE( name => 'SYS.DEC_NIGHTS', force=>TRUE);

31. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-31

32. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-32 Window Priority An order of precedence applies for when windows overlap: The window with the highest priority opens first If windows have same priority, then the window that is active remains open If at the end of a window there are multiple windows defined, the window that has the highest percentage of time remaining, opens An open window that is dropped is automatically closed 8 a.m6 a.m10 a.m12 p.m.2 p.m W1 W2 W3

33. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-33 Managing Attributes of Scheduler Components Change an attribute for a job: Remove a program comment by setting it to NULL : BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE( name => 'HR.GET_STATS', attribute => 'MAX_FAILURES', value => 3); END; / EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE_NULL( - 'HR.CALC_STATS2','COMMENTS');

34. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-34 Managing Attributes of Scheduler Components Retrieve attribute values for the GET_STATS job created by the HR user: SELECT max_failures MAX_FAIL, job_priority, schedule_limit SCHED_LIMIT, logging_level FROM user_scheduler_jobs WHERE job_name = 'GET_STATS' AND job_creator = 'HR'; MAX_FAIL JOB_PRIOR SCHED_LIMIT LOGGING_LEVEL -------- --------- ------------ -------------- 3 3 LOW

35. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-35 Managing Attributes of the Scheduler You can set three attribute values at the global level, affecting all Scheduler components: default_timezone max_job_slave_processes log_history EXEC DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_SCHEDULER_ATTRIBUTE( - attribute => 'log_history', - value => '14');

36. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-36 Viewing Job Execution Details The DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS view has a row for each job instance. Each row contains information about the job execution for that instance. SELECT job_name, status, error#, run_duration FROM USER_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS; JOB_NAME STATUS ERROR# RUN_DURATION ---------------- ------ ------ ------------ GATHER_STATS_JOB SUCCESS 0 +000 00:08:20 PART_EXCHANGE_JOB FAILURE 6576 +000 00:00:00

37. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-37 Viewing Job Logs The DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_LOG view has a row for each job operation or modification. SELECT job_name, operation, owner FROM ALL_SCHEDULER_JOB_LOG; JOB_NAME OPERATION OWNER ----------- --------- ------ GET_STATS2 ALTER HR TESTJOB RUN HR TESTJOB RETRY_RUN HR TESTJOB FAILED HR TESTJOB DROP HR COMPUTE_STATS CREATE HR

38. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-38 Purging Job Logs You can purge the job logs: Automatically, through the PURGE_LOG job using default values Using the PURGE_LOG job, but modifying the conditions that determine when entries are purged On demand, by calling the DBMS_SCHEDULER.PURGE_LOG procedure EXECUTE DBMS_SCHEDULER.PURGE_LOG( - log_history => 1, - job_name => 'TESTJOB');

39. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-39

40. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-40 Data Dictionary Views [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_JOBS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_RUNNING_JOBS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_JOB_LOG [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_PROGRAMS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS [DBA | ALL | USER]_SCHEDULER_SCHEDULES [DBA | ALL]_SCHEDULER_JOB_CLASSES [DBA | ALL ]_SCHEDULER_WINDOWS [DBA | ALL ]_SCHEDULER_WINDOW_DETAILS [DBA | ALL ]_SCHEDULER_WINDOW_LOG

41. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-41 Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: Simplify management tasks by using the Scheduler Create a job, program, schedule, and window Reuse Scheduler components for similar tasks View information about job executions and job instances

42. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-42 Practice 17 Overview: Automating Tasks with the Scheduler This practice covers the following topics: Creating a job that runs a program outside of the database Creating a program and a schedule Creating a job that uses a program and a schedule Altering the program and schedule for the job and observing the behavior change of the job Monitoring job runs

43. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-43 Practice 17: Using the Scheduler

44. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-44 Practice 17: Using the Scheduler

45. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-45 Practice 17: Using the Scheduler

46. Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 17-46