1. Pascal’s Principle Period 1, Physical Science Vincent Chow Elsie Almanza Jacklyn Acosta Ginny Zhu Ronny Doan Jason Feng

2. Objectives When force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid A hydraulic system multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area. The increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of the confined fluid, which pushes on a larger surface area. Objectives 1.) What does Pascal’s principle say about change in fluid pressure? 2. How does a hydraulic system work?

3. Formulas / Laws / Principles

4. Key Terms Pascal’s principle- Hydraulic system- Pascal’s principle states that pressure increases by the same amount throughout an enclosed or confined fluid. A hydraulic system uses liquids to transmit pressure and multiply force in a confined fluid.

5. Factors That Affect the Variable -In Pascal’s Principle, the variables are force and pressure. -Some factors that affect the variable may be how hard you are squeezing a water bottle with an enclosed cap. -The amount of force affects the amount of pressure in the enclosed water bottle. -Pressure will increase as force increases on the water bottle since the enclosed cap is holding the water in, water will have no where to escape

6. Examples Look at figure 13 in your textbook (pg.433) Have you ever filled your bottle with water to quench your thirst? Well did you know that when you fill up your bottle, the water you put in is putting pressure on the once empty bottle ? So whenever you squeeze a bottle to get some water out, you are increasing the pressure on the bottle. As you can see there is a hydraulic device which contains two pistons that are U-shaped tube. A piston is a stopper that slides up and down in a tube. In system A, force is put on the piston (blue arrow). Force is transmitted through the fluid to the other piston Look at figure 14 in your textbook (pg.434)

7. References Sources: Physical Science Book: Pearson Prentice Hall