1. Water

2. Water vocab Ocean Sea Gulf Bay Channel Cove
a large body of salt water that surrounds a continent. Oceans cover more the two-thirds of the Earth's surface
Sea
a large body of salty water that is often connected to an ocean. A sea may be partly or completely surrounded by land.
Gulf
a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay).
Bay
a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf).
Channel
a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water (like the English Channel). A channel is also a part of a river or harbor that is deep enough to let ships sail through.
Cove
small, horseshoe-shaped body of water along the coast; the water is surrounded by land formed of soft rock.
Ask students if they can think of an example for each vocab word.
Ocean – Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic
Sea – Black, Mediterranean, Baltic, Aegean
Gulf – Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico
Bay – San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chesapeake
Channel – English Channel
Cove – these answers can depend upon where students have been or where they live

3. Lagoon Lake Reservoir Pond Swamp
a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast and separated from the ocean by a strip of land or a sandbank.
Lake
a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides. Really huge lakes are often called seas.
Reservoir
a man-made lake that stores water for future use.
Pond
a small body of water surrounded by land. A pond is smaller than a lake.
Swamp
a type of freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. Many trees and shrubs grow in swamps.
Lagoon – Blue Lagoon, Nanuya Levu (Fiji)
Lake – Michigan, Erie, Superior, Ontario,
Reservoir – depends on what sort of reservoirs are near students.
Pond – these answers can vary depending on where one is teaching
Swamp – again, these answers can vary depending on where the school is located and what sort of swamps students see each day

4. Strait Canal River Waterfall Estuary Tributary
a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
Canal
a man-made waterway used for transportation or irrigation.
River
a large, flowing body of water that usually empties into a sea or ocean.
Waterfall
When a river falls off steeply
Estuary
where a river meets the sea or ocean.
Tributary
a stream or river that flows into a larger river.
Strait – Strait of Gibraltar, Bering Strait
Canal – Erie Canal, Panama, Bruges, Venice, Amsterdam,
River – Nile, Mississippi, Missouri, Tiber, Thames, Amazon, Yangtze, Ohio
Waterfall – Niagara, Yosemite, Victoria Falls
Estuary – Galveston Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River, River Exe Estuary
Tributary – these may be more difficult for students to come up with due to the fact that there are so many and they are not well known. Perhaps,

5. Water pollution
any contamination of water with chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human, plant, or animal health.
What sort of things cause pollution?
Factories
Sewage
Farm runoff
Natural Phenomenon
Littering
Have students suggest their own causes before showing the ones on the slide:
Factories: have students explain what they mean by factories, leading into a brief discussion of the way in which factories pollute (contamination runoff into nearby rivers or lakes, chemicals in their wastewater)
Sewage: many sewers pour straight into rivers and lakes.
Pesticides and runoff from farms, or even waste runoff from dairies, etc.
Natural phenomenon such as storms, volcanos, and earthquakes
Littering at the beach or lakes

6. What has caused a growth in water pollution and a loss of water?
Urbanization
Overflowing garbage dumps
Global warming
Unwise use of resources
Again, ask students to come up with some answers before showing the ones in the notes. Any that are mentioned that are not included in the notes should either be added in or written on the white board so that students include them in their notes as well.

7. Case study – Big Sioux River
Tributaries: Rock River in northeast Sioux County, IA
Tributary to the Missouri River
The waterfall in Sioux Falls is what gave the city its name.
Pollution: mostly runoff from farms and manure from animals being raised. Also some pollution has come from erosion of soil on the banks of the river.
The major pollutants that have been identified are phosphorus and sediment
Why do we care?
Research where the river is to in relation to your community so that you can describe to students where the river is if they are not entirely familiar with it.
Ask students if they know why we care. Allow them to give several answers before telling them or supplementing a previously given answer with the information that the wells they get their drinking water from are able to pick up the pollution from the Big Sioux River through the underground water systems, and so this pollution is able to get into our drinking water. Not to mention, we should want to preserve the natural resources we have.

8. What can we do to help?
Allow students to give answers to what they think should be done. These can include writing letters to officials to express concern over water pollution in their communities, taking shorter showers, not washing their car as often, turning off the water when brushing their teeth, and many others.