1. PSM in New Democracies: Making News for Democracy in Latin America and Mexico “Public Service Media Across Boundaries” RIPE @ Tokyo Keio University August, 27-29 José Antonio Brambila The University of Sheffield @jabrambila jabrambila.com

2. Research Questions What extent public service news are different from market driven news, especially in Mexico and Latin America? In that context, what is the role of self regulatory practices (news ombudsman and code of ethics) in public media broadcasting? The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

3. Hypothesis This paper attests that in contrast to the highly biased, partial and “tabloid” coverage of commercial TV stations, under certain circumstances PSM's news coverage is closer to the notion of “democratic value of the news”. News that “have informative quality, enhancing people's understanding of the world on issues likely to empower them as citizens in a democracy” (Cushion, 2012, 2). The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

4. Hypothesis Far from the traditional experience of West Europe performance of PSM, the explanations behind news coverage of Mexico's PSM do not address the autonomy of PSM, rather than in the presence of internal regulatory bodies. In new democracies, the implementation of self- regulation practice is a form to protect PMS values and safeguard its integrity and impartiality. The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

5. Public Media Service in Latin America and Mexico In Latin America, broadcasting has been developing only as a commercial project. High levels of media concentration in the region. PMS: Lack of political autonomy, financial instability, and high levels of corruption. Mexican PMS: 52 public broadcasters. “….has never been part of a long-term project within Mexico’s political ruling class” (Juárez, 2010). The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

6. Canal Once: Public Service Vocation National Polytechnic Institute (Education Minister). Founded: 1959. 38 million potential viewers (110 million habitants). Budget: USD 43 million. 'Once Noticias’ (3 million viewers). Self-regulatory bodies in 2007 (Colmbian experience). The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

7. Case Study Luz y Fuerza: 20 millions users and 60, 000 workers October 11 th 2009 The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

8. TV Coverage of Shut Down of 'Luz y Fuerza' Content Analysis: Oct 12 to 16, and Oct 19 to 23 2009. 'El Noticiero' and 'Hechos’ (Commercial Channels) 'Once Noticias’ (PMS Channel). Broadcasting in prime time: from 22:00 to 23:00. The unit of analysis is the news story. The sample is composed by 134 news pieces (3 hours 46 minutes of coverage). The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

9. PMS Coverage (Democratic Value News) Table 1. Comparative table of TV coverage (voice and image) of Federal government sources and “others” (in minutes). NewscastFederal GovernmentOthers Commercial Channels81%19% PMS Channel57%43% The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila Commercial Channels: Table 2. Type of Coverage Commercial ChannelMarket Driven News (tabloidization) PMS ChannelsDemocratic Value of News

10. Internal Regulatory Bodies Canal Once Canal 11 will be guided with “editorial independence" and that the supply of information needs to be “truthful, impartial, neutral and plural" as well as avoid sensationalism." In 2013, 12 percent of comments were about news covarge. Canal 11's audience has pointed out punctual and critic comments about news coverage (Repoll, 2012). “During the coverage of this events (the shut-down), 'Once Noticias' has offered arguments from both sides, as well as giving voice to former Luz y Fuerza workers” - Omdusman The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila

11. How far can self-regulatory bodies in PMS travel? 20 PMS (from Brazil, Colombia…) adopted self regulatory bodies in last decade. Five Mexican TV channels and radio stations have adopted self regulatory bodies. Even in the most experienced cases (Colombia, México and Brazil), internal checkpoints in public service remain in infancy within the region. The University of Sheffield José Antonio Brambila