2. Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes

3. Stains gram-variable or gram-negative, but not a gram-negative cell wall

4. Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes (cont.)

5. Most Common Sites of Anaerobic Infection

6. Characteristics of Anaerobic Infection

7. Characteristic Clinical Signs of Anaerobic Infection

9. Anaerobic Gram-Positive Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections

10. Gram-Positive Non-sporeforming Anaerobes NOTE: Figure legend in text indicates that each of these organisms is a bacillus (i.e., rod- shaped). This is INCORRECT. Peptostreptococcus is, as the name indicates, a coccus.

11. Diseases Associated with Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

12. Gram Stain and Macroscopic Colonies of Actinomyces NOTE: Molar tooth appearance of colonies on agar can help remind us that the oral cavity is a common niche for Actinomyces.

13. Actinomyces Infections

14. Cervicofacial Actinomycosis NOTE: Sinus tract originating in oral cavity has made it’s way to the surface at the jawline.

15. Colonized IUD Resulting in Pelvic Actinomycosis

16. Epidemiology of Actinomycosis

17. Sulfur Granule from Sinus Tract of Actinomycotic Infection

18. Epidemiology of Propionibacterium (doxycycline)

20. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections

21. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections

22. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections (cont.)

23. Clinically Predominant Anaerobic Gram-Negatives

24. Broad Classes of Virulence Factors Associated with Gram-Neg. Anaerobes  Adhesins  Protection from: Oxygen toxicity Phagocytosis  Tissue Destruction

25. Anaerobic Gram-Neg. Virulence Factors

26. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Virulence Factors (cont.)

27. Epidemiology of Bacteroides

28. Bacteroides Gram Stain

29. Bacteroides Virulence Factors

30. [1] [5] [3] [4] [2] [6] [8] [7] SUBUNIT DEAD LIVE MIXED + + Bacteroides Pathogenicity

32. REVIEW Non-Sporeforming Anaerobes

33. Characteristics of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

34. Characteristic Clinical Signs of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

35. Most Common Sites of Anaerobic Infection REVIEW

37. Review of Anaerobic Gram-Positive Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections REVIEW

38. Gram-Positive Non-sporeforming Anaerobes REVIEW

39. Actinomyces Infections REVIEW

40. Epidemiology of Actinomycosis REVIEW

41. Epidemiology of Propionibacterium (doxycycline) REVIEW

43. Review of Anaerobic Gram-Negative Non-Sporeforming Bacterial Infections REVIEW

44. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections REVIEW

45. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Infections (cont.) REVIEW

46. Clinically Predominant Anaerobic Gram-Negatives REVIEW

47. Broad Classes of Virulence Factors Associated with Gram-Neg. Anaerobes  Adhesins  Protection from: Oxygen toxicity Phagocytosis  Tissue Destruction REVIEW

48. Anaerobic Gram-Neg. Virulence Factors REVIEW

49. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Virulence Factors (cont.) REVIEW

50. Epidemiology of Bacteroides REVIEW

51. Bacteroides Virulence Factors REVIEW

52. [1] [5] [3] [4] [2] [6] [8] [7] SUBUNIT DEAD LIVE MIXED + + Bacteroides Pathogenicity REVIEW