1. Digital Photography Introduction II

2. A Brief History
1960s-70s
Digital imaging used only for space, military
1986
1.4 megapixel CCD sensor introduced
First commercial camera - 180K pixels, $3000
1993
First webcam pointed at Cambridge coffee pot
1994
1.5 megapixel camera available for $8000
1995
LCD preview screen introduced
1996
300K pixels camera available for $300
How long have digital cameras been around?
Megapixel – the dpi length X the dpi width = total # of pixels in an image; images with over 1 million pixels are expressed in mega terms
Dpi = dots per inch or pixels per inch
Dpi length and width = the dimensions of the image expressed in computer terms

3. Oops! In 1998, Sony accidentally sold approximately
700, 000 camcorders that had a limited ability
to see through clothes

4. A Brief History thru 2002
2000
Camera sales for digital surpassed film BUT digital has not taken over yet
2001
18 million digital cameras sold worldwide
($8 billion in sales)
2002
78 billion digital images, 100+ on film
300K pixel web cam for $ megapixel camera for $ megapixel camera for $3000
In the US there is roughly 1 camera for every adult
2003-Present
Improvement of existing camera technology
New sensor technology, more megapixels
New storage technology and transfer technology

5. Summary Digital camera technology has improved
Image quality has increased
Consumer prices have dropped
Consumers are using digital more
Digital has not replaced film at this time

6. The Process Transfer Preview Edit Capture Distribute Store LCD screen
Cable or reader
Edit
Crop and scale
Touch up and filter
Distribute
Print CD
Web
Preview
LCD screen
Zoom
Exposure control
Capture
CCDs or CMOSs convert
Store
JPEG or TIFF
Card or CD
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display
CCD = Charge Coupled Device
CMOS = Complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor
Image sensor = device that captures and transforms light into digital information
JPEG = common file type of digital images
TIFF = common type of digital images

7. Camera Types
Basic Cameras - simple point-and-shoots with fixed lenses and just the features needed for routine shots. Advanced Cameras - feature-laden cameras that include sophisticated point- and-shoot and models that let you change lenses.
SLR = single lens reflex

8. Basic Cameras
Subcompacts - Subcompacts fit in a pocket, are lightweight but generally have few manual controls. A few include nontelescoping zoom lenses, and others have zooms as high as 14x. Compacts are a bit larger, and often have more manual controls than subcompacts. They can also be among the most inexpensive cameras available. Rugged and Waterproof Models - claim to resist moisture and withstand falls. All have non-telescoping zoom lenses. Compacts - Compacts are a bit larger, and often have more manual controls than subcompacts. They can also be among the most inexpensive cameras available SuperZooms - offer 15x or greater zoom, with some recent models including optical zooms as great as 60x. Like compacts, superzooms often, though not always, include manual controls. They're also among the more expensive basic cameras.

9. Advanced Cameras
Advanced Point and Shoot - Advanced point-and-shoots have a non-detachable lens but differ from basic models because they have lots of manual controls, a hot shoe for an external flash, and support for RAW files. It's the lightest advanced type. SLR Like - SLR-like models have interchangeable lenses, but they lack a through-the-lens viewfinder. They're smaller and lighter than an SLR but are usually larger than a point-and- shoot. SLR - SLRs have the most features, with interchangeable lenses and the largest sensors for the best image quality in low light, and a through-the lens viewfinder. Controls are extensive. They're also the heaviest, most expensive cameras.

10. New Camera Features
Wireless capabilities - allow you to connect to Wi-Fi hot spots and to mobile devices and to upload your photos and video to social networking websites. Some also include NFC (near-field communication), which makes connecting to mobile device quick and easy.
Full frame sensors - These types of sensors, which are the size of one frame of 35mm film and significantly larger than sensors found in point-and-shoot digital cameras, allow the camera to handle a wider variety of lighting situations more accurately. They also limit the amount of visual noise that can distort and degrade an image.

11. Camera Prices
For basic point-and-shoots (subcompacts, compacts, rugged & waterproof models, and superzooms), expect to spend $75 to $500.
For advanced point-and-shoots, expect to spend $350 to $1,100.
For SLR-likes, expect to spend $450 to $1,200.
For SLRs, expect to spend $500 to $2,000

12. Resolution (dpi) and Image Size
72 pixels equals 1 inch.
EXAMPLE
An image taken at a resolution of 1600 X 1200 pixels =
1600 / 72 =
1200 / 72 =
How big would an image be taken at a resolution of 640 X 480 pixels?
How big would an image be taken at a resolution of 800 X 600 pixels?
Resolution dictates image size
Higher resolution = larger images = more storage space required to store an image
Typical sizes of a high quality jpeg image
640 X 480 = 300 kb
800 X 600 = 500 kb
1600 X 1200 = 1.7 mb

13. Disadvantages Advantages Image preview Instant view and delete
Low cost to take pictures
Direct input to computer
Quick turnaround
Need high resolution to enlarge
Not as convenient as film
High initial investment
High cost to print pictures

14. Applications Print journalism Art Web publishing Astronomy
Portrait photography
Law enforcement
Real estate
Insurance
Medicine
Advertising

15. Issues – Visual Truth Are digital photos legal as evidence?
Should news photos be manipulated?
Is it deceptive to alter an advertising photo?

16. Issues – Copyright What is in the public domain?
Must one get permission to alter an image?

17. The Future
Will traditional film disappear?

18. Summary 2 Camera Types – Professional, Consumer, Point and Shoot
Storage Options –
Resolution
Advantages/ Disadvantages
Who uses digital photography?
Issues – evidence/ copyright
Public Domain image use