1. ATHIAS,L. 2011 1 MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoring Panel 3.1 Localizing the MDGs October 20, 2011 Leonardo Athias Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics International Conference on MDG Statistics Manila, Philippines, 19-21 Oct 2011

2. ATHIAS,L. 2011 2 Contents Important data about Brazil MDG monitoring in Brazil IBGE and ethnic classification Issues about racial investigation in Brazil Racial inequalities regarding MDGs Inequalities and policies Ethnic classification: harmonization, coverage and challenges Ethnic classification: next steps

3. ATHIAS,L. 2011 3 - Federation of 27 states - 8.5 million Km 2 - 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census) - 84% urban - 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO - High human development... Important data about Brazil HDR 2010 p. 149

4. ATHIAS,L. 2011 4 - Federation of 27 states - 8.5 million Km 2 - 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census) - 84% urban - 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO - High human development... -... but high levels of inequality as well HDR 2010 p.153 Important data about Brazil

5. ATHIAS,L. 2011 5 1 st - 2004 2 nd - 2005 3 rd - 2007 4 th - 2010 2 nd - 2005 MDG monitoring in Brazil - Reports - Gender - Race - Regions - Southeast - Northeast - Urban and Rural areas - 5 ths of income - Inequalities tracking

6. ATHIAS,L. 2011 6 MDG Thematic Series - 2004 “Race and gender inequalities” UNDP Publication - 2004 “Racial Atlas” - MDG related publications regarding ethnicity MDG monitoring in Brazil

7. ATHIAS,L. 2011 7 Proposition: Durban / MDG / DevInfo Seven Themes 1- demography 2- health and access to services 3- reproductive health 4- family and household 5- education 6- work and income 7- unemployment and pension coverage UNDP Publication - 2004 “Racial Atlas” - MDG related publications regarding ethnicity MDG monitoring in Brazil

8. ATHIAS,L. 2011 8 IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring

9. ATHIAS,L. 2011 9 IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring - Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872) - Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same - Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s - Self-classification - Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)

10. ATHIAS,L. 2011 10 IBGE and ethnic classification - IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics - IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring - Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872) - Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same - Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s - Self-classification - Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)

11. ATHIAS,L. 2011 11 - The complex racial investigation in Brazil - Racial continuum - Absence of legal segregation - Studies show that differences are not only due to starting point Issues about racial investigation in Brazil

12. ATHIAS,L. 2011 12 - To investigate racial inequalities, it is usual to add blacks + mulattos/brown - Main arguments: - Statistical consistency - Similarities of social indicators within the ‘non-white’ population Issues about racial investigation in Brazil 1 st Brazilian MDG Report (2004)IBGE - Social Indicator Synthesis (2010)

13. ATHIAS,L. 2011 13 Inequalities and policies - Education inequalities - Effect of universal policies - Direction towards professional education - Few specific racial policies Source: 1 st Brazilian MDG Report - English version (2004)

14. ATHIAS,L. 2011 14 Inequalities and policies Population under US$ PPC 1,25 per day according to race -Brazil - 1990/2008 - Income inequalities - Policies of conditional cash transfer Source: 4 th Brazilian MDG Report (2010)

15. ATHIAS,L. 2011 15 Ethnic classif.: harmonization and coverage challenges - Same classification in all IBGE Household surveys - Difference with other administrative records / surveys “preta” - “negra” - Vital statistics - absence of data on race - E.g. child mortality: 13% registers without information on race (2008) - Administrative registers - Indirect: classification of members of parliament

16. ATHIAS,L. 2011 16 - Social Statistics Committee (since 2008) - Forum - Metadata - Better classifications / comparability - Survey on racial classification 2008 - Insert in 2012 the investigation in a module with national coverage Ethnic classification: next steps

17. ATHIAS,L. 2011 17 IBGE http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/ Social Statistics Committee (in Portuguese) http://www.ibge.gov.br/projetos/comite_estatisticas_sociais/ Survey on racial classification 2008 (in Portuguese) http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_vi sualiza.php?id_noticia=1933&id_pagina=1 E-mail leonardo.athias@ibge.gov.br