1. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 1 WSEAS European Computing Conference (ECC’08) Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica. University of Málaga ETSI de Telecomunicación, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 – Málaga- Spain E-mail: mjmoron@uma.es, ecasilari@uma.es M.J. Morón*, J.R. Luque*, E.J. Cuberos*, A.A. Botella*, E. Gallardo*, E. Casilari*, A. Díaz Estrella*, J.A. Gázquez** *UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA, **UNIVERSITY OF ALMERÍA, SPAIN Malta, September 11th, 2008

2. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 2 Index 1.Introduction: Brief state of the art 2.Goals 3.System description 4.Testbed Results and present state of the prototype

3. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 3 INTRODUCTION Continuous Monitoring Certain illnesses/sectors of population  NEED of Wireless Telemedicine  SOLUTION: M-health Quality of life 1) Mobility 2) Traditional wired sensors

4. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 4 Experiences on M-health: Medical Wireless BAN  Mobile Health (M-Health): integration of technologies of mobile computing and medical sensors with wireless communications in a system of sanitary assistance  Strong international efforts and research on this issue…  CodeBlue, a wireless architecture designed in Harvard University for emergency medical care. The project integrates low-power, wireless vital sign sensors, PDAs, and PC-class systems  AMON [Dec.2004]: A wearable multi-parameter sensor. Continuous collection of multiple vital signs in wrist-worn enclosure with cellular communications USE of short-range communication Standards  Low-power standards (Bluetooth, Zigbee,) in telemedicine reduces cost and eases the deployment of systems  Many commercial wearable BT sensors have appeared in recent years (ECG, glucometers, tensiometers, pulse-oximeters, stehoscopes,…)  Commercial GPRS gateways for BT medical sensors  Body/Personal Area Networks: piconet of sensors. Many examples in the literature [Lee2006] [Yao2005] [Krco2005] [Dong2004]

5. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 5 General structure of a medical BAN  Normally, each telemedicine project jointly develops its own sensors and its specific dedicated hardware for the gateway Sensors Data logger/ Wireless Gateway Central Server BAN Reception Points

6. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 6 OBJECTIVES  Definition of a wearable medical Personal Area Networks  Goals: Use/evaluation of commercial smart phones as the master of the sensor piconet Integration of commercial BT biosensors: use of Serial Server Profile (SSP) Adoption of Java (J2ME) to ease software portability J2ME: Java Technology for the development of software applications in mobile devices. Hybrid transmissions (Always Best Connected Paradigm): free mobility of the users To enable mobility in the medical monitor Detection/Priority of medical alarms: emission of SMS/MMS

7. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 7 PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE SPO2 ECG GPS Internet Medical premises Wifi 2. CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM Intelligent Node (IN) (Smart Phone) BT Pulse-oximeter GPS 3. CONTROL and MONITORING UNITS GPRS/ UMTS 1. PATIENT BODY AREA NETWORK Bluetooth ECG Belt Internet Smart phone in charge of collecting the signals from wireless sensors and sending them through an hybrid (GPRS/UMTS/Wifi) system. It also detects medical alarms (emission of SMS) and enables remote programming of sensors Software for the remote control and monitoring of the BAN. Also portable to a smart phone In charge of storing biosignals and enabling remote monitoring from any Internet node

8. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 8 Employed Technologies (I) Intelligent Node GPS Pulse-oximeter 1. Patient Body Area Network) Central Control Server Alarm Reception terminals GPRS/UMTS WiFi IP over GPRS/UMTS J2M E Mobile Monitoring units J2M E IP Fixed Monitoring units SMS/ UMTS Java servlets, applets, Web page

9. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 9 Employed Technologies (II)  Smart Phones: Nokia 9500, E61, N93, N95 (Symbian OS)  Intelligent Node: J2ME (Java) program, Bluetooth API (JSR-82) for managing BT connections and Wireless Messaging API (JSR-120 & JSR-205) for sending SMSs/MMSs, Security and Trust Services API (JSR-177) to manage encryption.  Biosignals are encrypted by means of a symmetric algorithm DES with a prefixed key  Protocols used for transmissions: HTTP commands or TCP or UDP/ IP sockets (configurable)  Central Control Server: Apache Server. Servlets  Monitoring reception software : Web interface (with a a Java Applet) available for any browser with RMI support. J2ME midlet in the Mobile monitoring unit  Bandwidth: GPRS: up to 64-144 Kbps UMTS: up to 384-3600 Kbps Wifi: up to 11 Mbps (802.11b), up to 54 Mbps (802.11g)

10. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 10 Employed BT devices (I)  GPS Leadtek 9553X  Chipset SiRF StarIII  Bluetooth v1.2(slave mode, Serial Port Profile)  5V rechargeable Battery ± 5%V DC  NMEA-0183 Protocol Bluetooth Basics  Frequency Band (ISM) at 2.4 GHz. No licence required  Transmission Range: 10-100 m  Robustness to interferences due to Frecuency hopping  Binary rate: up to 1 Mbps (v 1.1), 2-3 Mbps (v 2.0): far enough for most biosignals  Low consume (acceptable for most external biosensors)  Extremely popular technology: in many models of PDA and cell phones

11. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 11 Employed BT devices (II)  Pulse-oximeter Nonin 4100 (I) &  Measurements of Plethismogram, Heart Rate & SPO2  Bluetooth v1.1 (slave mode, Serial Port Profile)  Power: 2 AA batteries 3 bytes/s (Simple Mode) 375 bytes/s (Verbose Mode)  Binary Rate  CorBELT: Bluetooth ECG sensor from Corscience  1 channel ECG lead with dry electrodes  Mobile event recorder: automatic alarms in case of detecting a cardiac event  Power: 1 AA batteries  Sampling rate: 200 Hz (12 bits/sample)

12. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 12 Monitoring (I): Fixed Control Units  Information is received in a Web page through a reception Java applet.

13. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 13 Monitoring (II): Mobile Control Units  Screenshots of Mobile Control Monitoring Units  A reception J2ME midlet processes and present the encrypted biosignals

14. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 14 Detection of Medical Alarms through SMS/MMS  The SW in the phone sends a SMS/MMS when an alarm is detected: GSM/GPRS/UMTS Reception units J2M E NI GPS Patient iBAN Pulse-oximeter J2M E MMS Alarm!

15. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 15 Detection of Medical Alarms through SMS/MMS  The SW in the phone sends a SMS/MMS when an alarm is detected: GSM/GPRS/UMTS Reception units J2M E NI GPS Patient iBAN Pulse-oximeter J2M E SMS Alarm!

16. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 16 Wireless biosignal emulator (I)  Two main research topics about medical WPANs/WBANs:  Scalability: how many sensors can be properly integrated in the BAN?  Coexistence: different wireless technology (BT, Zigbee, Wifi) may coexist in the same ISM band  The evaluation of practical application environments for BANs may require utilization in parallel of dozens of biosensors (still far from being economical)  Solution: to implement a generic software biosignal emulator: any BT biosensor can be emulated with a device having BT connectivity (e.g.: a laptop with one ore more BT dongles).  Presently, the software emulates electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.  Signals can be downloaded from an Internet PhysioBank Data Base)  Vast archive of formatted digital recordings of biomedical signals from both healthy and pathological subjects: http://www.physionet.org/physiobank/

17. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 17 Wireless biosignal emulator (II)  A server module retrieves the Internet data, an emulator module emits them through BT and a reception program receives the signals.  All these modules have been also developed with Java technology: a J2EE server and two J2ME midlets. PhysioBank Internet Emulator Midlet Reception Midlet Server GPRS/UMTS Wifi J2EE In charge of retreiving the biosignals from the database It includes a GUI to select the record to transmit. The selected record is requested to the server via an Internet connection (WiFi/GPRS- UMTS), then reformatted and transmitted to the reception midlet The reception software can be incorporated in IN of the developed iBAN. Consequently this architecture permits to substitute the Bluetooth ECG sensor by any J2ME capable device.

18. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 18 Conclusions (I)  The system was systematically tested (not with real patients)  Smart phone: good candidate for the role of central node in medical BANs  Advantages Decrease of cost (not specific hardware is required) Hybrid communications are natively supported in present smart phones Familiarity of the patient with this type of devices  Use of Java (J2ME) Software is easily developed (Easy sinstaxis) Portability

19. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 19 Conclusions (II)  Disadvantages  Usability problems: need of some user interaction  Monitoring applications carry out tasks considered by operating system as risky for security. Therefore acknowledgement is requested to user before continuing certain actions  This drawback could be avoided by means of a validated certificate  INSTABILITIES of OS (Symbian) in certain phone models (portability is not perfect!)  HAND OFF between technologies and reconnection to BT sensors is slow and still present problems  No all the (low-level) functionalities in the smart-phone are accessible through J2ME  Difficulty of debugging errors en complex J2ME applications

20. Development of wireless Body Area Network based on J2ME for M-Health applications 20 29th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference J2ME and Smart Phones as Platform for a Bluetooth Body Area Network for Patient- Telemonitoring Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica. University of Málaga ETSI de Telecomunicación, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 – Málaga- Spain E-mail: mjmoron@uma.es, ecasilari@uma.es M.J. Morón, J.R. Luque, E.J. Cuberos, A.A. Botella, E. Casilari, A. Díaz Estrella UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA, SPAIN Lyon (France), 24th August 2007