1. English 4B Unit 7

2.  Once Queen Mary and King William passed, the younger daughter of James II took the throne.  She would be the last of the Stuart family to rule. There was a bill passed to prevent a Roman Catholic to rule England.  When Queen Anne died, her closest relative became heir to the throne. His name was George Augustus. King George I came from Germany and never learned English. He did not care much about England because his private life was very hectic.  His son (King George II) was just as poorly liked. He did know English.  This brings us to the Romantic Period

3.  King George the III ruled for more than 50 years.  He showed great concern for his subjects.  He lost American colonies due to his long bouts of dementia.  In 1811 at the ate of 73 George III was declared insane and his eldest son took over  He was extravagant and thoughtless.  He died in 1830, his more liberal brother William IV took the reins. He opened up

5.  Mary Wollstonecraft- recognized as the founder of the women’s rights movement.  Died 11 days after giving birth to Daughter Mary Shelley (Author of Frankenstein).  When she wrote about women’s rights her opponents were horrified. Her husband was a philosopher and very supportive.

7. THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US IT IS A BEAUTEOUS EVENING, CALM AND FREE  Why is it romantic?  Is it easy to read?  What literary devices are used? MY HEART LEAPS UP

10. Aldous Huxley

11.  His full name is Aldous Leonard Huxley.  He was born on July 26, 1894.  His family members were prominent figures of the English ruling class and intellectual elite.  His father was the son of Thomas Henry Huxley (great biologist who helped to develop the theory of evolution).  His mother was the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward (novelist).  His mother was the niece of Matthew Arnold (poet).  His mother was the granddaughter of Thomas Arnold (famous educator and headmaster of Rugby School who also became a character in the novel Tom Brown’s Schooldays.  Huxley’s ancestry “brought down on him a weight of intellectual authority and a momentum of moral obligations.” ---Gerald Heard (longtime friend)

12.  When he was 16 years old, he was a student at the prestigious school of Eton.  He suffered an eye illness which almost made him blind.  He was able to attend Oxford University and graduate with honors.  He was not able to fight in World War I. or engage in scientific work.  He later became an author and screenwriter.  He published his first book, which was a collection of poems in 1916.  He also married Maria Nys in 1912.  They had one child named Matthew.  The family traveled to London and Europe in the 1920s.  The family also traveled around the world in 1925 and 1926.  His experiences in these places provided material to be used in Brave New World (ie. Benito Mussolini led an authoritarian government that fought against birth control in order to produce manpower for the war)

13.  Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931. This was after WWI. and at the onslaught of the Great Depression. This was also before Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and Joseph Stalin became responsible for the deaths of millions of people in Germany.  It took him four months to write.  It was published three years after his best-seller, Point Counter Point.  He also wrote six books of stories, essays, poems, and plays in those three years. He would go on to write other books and produce 47 before he died.  In the 1950s he became interested in LSD. He took LSD over a dozen times in 10 years. It is said that he was looking for a drug that would allow him to escape from himself.  He died on November 22, 1963 (the same day that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated).

14.  Utopia: Imaginary; indefinite place of ideal perfection (especially in laws, government, and social conditions) Are people really happy?  Totalitarianism: The political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state authority  Caste System: division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privilege, profession, occupation, or race

15.  Huxley was influenced by the previously established caste system in Hinduism, which was abolished in 1949.  Caste systems were created by predestination and their function in society.  The caste system in Brave New World includes 5 major castes named after Greek letters (ie. Alpha to Epsilon)  There are differences in the members of castes (ie. outer appearance, intelligence, livelihood).  As a result, everyone is happy and stability is achieved.

16.  Thomas (The Director)  Administrator in the year 623AF of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. The Director runs a futuristic baby-factory where the assembly-line production of genetic castes is streamlined and controlled, and maturing youngsters are conditioned to be happy about their state-allotted roles in life.

17.  10 World Controllers  Alphas (ruling elite)  Alphas (elite)  Betas  Gammas  Deltas  Epsilons

18.  The society in Brave New World seeks to create happiness for everyone. Everyone is happy to belong to his or her caste. The caste system is needed to cover every little part of the processes that form the society (ie. work, housing, etc.). Everyone works for everyone.