1. Animal Health/Management
ANSC

2. Objectives Define basic animal health terminology
Begin to Outline basic procedures for receiving and evaluating ill animals

3. Know Understand Do! Vital Signs of Dogs and Cats
Common diseases for animals
Basic procedures for a health exam Do
Locate and read vital signs
Identify animal diseases based on symptoms
Perform basic health exam
Understand
What these vital signs tell us about health
Symptoms and interpret there effect on health
Health exam procedures, and there importance in diagnosis

4. Key Learning: Animal Health
Unit EQ: Why is it important to evaluate animal health?
Concept : Common Ailments
Lesson EQ:
What can effect animal health
Vocab
Disease, Chronic, Parasite, Fomite
Concept : Exams
Lesson EQ:
What are the six areas that help evaluate animal health?
Vocab
Gait, Immune, System, Antibody, Luster
Concept : Healthy Animals
Lesson EQ:
What are the general signs of a healthy animal?
Vocab
Vital Sign, CRT, BPM

5. Essential Question
What are the six areas that help evaluate animal health?

6. What is healthy? HEALTHY: Free of Disease What affects health?
Environment
Diet
Age
What does healthy look like?

7. What do we look at? Joints Body Condition Immune System Response
Dental Health
Healthy Skin and Coat
Digestion System

8. Joints
The points of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton allowing for motion to occur
Joints should be limber
No clicking or locking
Can move from a sit to a stand easily
Gait has proper flow
Animal does not express pain during reflex and flexibility tests

9. Body Condition
An assessment of the animal's weight for : age , weight and height ratios, and its relative proportions of muscle and fat

10. Immune System Response
The body system, made up of many organs and cells, that defends the body against infection

11. How the Immune System Works

12. Dental/ Oral Health
Keeping the mouth, gums and teeth in good condition to prevent tooth decay and gum disease

13. Healthy Skin and Coat Free of Dandruff Even Shine = Luster
Oil Concentration Normal
Hydrated!!
Pull Test
Taking the skin on the back of your hand pinch between your index and thumb and pull up. Upon release skin should snap back = HYDRATED
Not loosing excess hair
No Bald spots

14. Digestion System Food should pass within a reasonable amount of time
Show no pain or trouble passing urine and feces
Feces should be solid and brown-dark brown in color
NO BLOOD IN THE STOOL OR URINE

15. Vocabulary Joints Gait Body Condition Immune System Antibody
Luster (referring to animal coats)

16. Activity Clear Eyes Cool Wet Nose
Draw a cat or a dog on a poster paper
Outline the important areas to check for animal health
Example
Clear Eyes
Cool Wet Nose

17. Work on your Projects! Continue working on your projects. Remember
How is your disease transferred?
What causes your disease?
Is your disease parasitic? Bacterial?
What can be done to prevent your disease?
What are the clinical signs of your disease?
How is your disease detected?

18. Animal Health/Management Healthy Dog
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19. Objectives
List and describe the characteristics of a healthy dog

20. Essential Question
What are 3 signs of a healthy dog?

22. The Breakdown
Visual
Touch
Vital Signs

23. Visual Inspection Eyes should be clear Nose should have no discharge
Dog should appear alert
Movement and Gait

24. Touch Inspection
Feeling along the spine , hips, legs, and around the stomach allows for any lesions to be noticed under fur

25. Vital Signs of the Dog CRT – Capillary Refill time
Heart Rate : Beats per minute
Located femoral artery
Count number of pulses in a 15 second time span
Times this number by ______??
This will give you the heart rate or BPM
Normal Heart Rates
60-160
180 Small Breeds
180 for Puppies

26. Vital Signs Respiration Rate: Breaths per minute
Have the dog lie on the floor
Count the number of times the chest rises within a 15 second window
Times this number by 4 to get……
Respiration rate or breaths per minute
Normal Rates:
10 to 30 breaths per minute

27. Vital Signs
Temperature- core body temperature good indicator of illness
Lift the dog’s tail
Apply Vaseline to the thermometer
Place thermometer in the rectum
Be sure not the touch the wall!!
Wait 1 to 2 minutes
Normal Temps: F

28. LAST DAY WORK ON PROJECTS!!!!
Continue working on your projects.
Remember
How is your disease transferred?
What causes your disease?
Is your disease parasitic? Bacterial?
What can be done to prevent your disease?
What are the clinical signs of your disease?
How is your disease detected?
Define your vaccines and include photos of products used for treatment

29. Vocabulary
CRT
BPM
Heart Rate
Temperature
Vital Sign
Respiration Rate

30. Animal Health/Management Healthy Cat
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31. Objectives Define healthy characteristics in the domestic cat
Identify safety handling equipment for cat restraint

32. Essential Question
What is the main goal of animal restraint?

34. Remember the 3 Steps for Exams
1. Visual Inspection
2. Touch Inspection
3. Vital Signs

35. Steps 1 and 2 Same as the dog
Visually observe for abnormal behavior and external injuries
Rub hands along spin and down legs, check in the ears, look at the eyes to assess any unseen injuries

36. Animal Restraints
All to prevent injury to the animal and others!

37. Cat Vital Signs CRT Heart Rate / BPM Respiration Rate Temperature
1.5 seconds or less
Heart Rate / BPM
240 BPM maximum
Respiration Rate
20-30 breaths per minute
Temperature F

38. VOCABULARY YOU SHOULD KNOW!
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39. Objectives
Review vocabulary commonly used in animal health

40. KOCH’S POSTULATES Determine and define an infectious disease
1. The infectious disease should be detectable in sick animals not healthy animals
2. It should be possible to isolate and culture the organism
3.Organisms taken from the culture and introduced into a healthy animal cause disease in the healthy animal
4. The same organism should be isolated from this second animal.

41. Vaccines How are they made?
Take a weaken strain of the infectious agent and inject it into a healthy animal
Healthy animal’s immune system will react creating antibodies against the agent
Vaccine’s may need to be administered periodically
WHY DO YOU THINK THIS?

42. How Virus’ Work

43. Common Diseases
Strangles- Bacterial, usually affects young horses, anorexia, fever, nasal discharge, swollen lymph nodes
Kennel Cough- Viral, dry hacking cough, fever Can lead to secondary infections
E. coli- Bacterial, usually among young animals less than 2 weeks old severe diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, may cause death !
Valley Fever- Fungal, most prevalent in the Southwest US, may infect the skin with lumps and abscesses
Roundworm- Parasites, Diarrhea, vomiting, potbellied appearance, dull coat, poor weight gain

44. Vocab- Health and Safety
Can you define these words? Please give brief definitions of the ones you know in your notes!
Fomite, Vector, Anemia, Systemic, Antimicrobial, Antiseptic, Disinfectants, Ventilation, Biosecurity, Quarantine, Virion, Virus, Host, Vaccine, Immunization, Contagious, Pandemic, Epidemic

45. Animal Health/Management Common Aliments
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46. Objectives
Explore and identify common aliments among domestic animals

47. Animal Health/Management Common Aliments Small Animals

48. Rabbits DENTAL DISEASE Causes: Genetic malformation of the jaw
Inappropriate diet (inadequate amounts of abrasive materials)
Trauma to the jaw
Infection
Cancer
Signs:
Inability to eat or dropping food out of the mouth
Stops eating “hard” food items like carrots, pellets
Drooling (caused by pain from ulcerations on the inside of the mouth)
Visible overgrown teeth
Face wet from tears spilling onto face (elongated tooth roots can block tear ducts)
Gradual weight loss/small stool production

49. Rabbits
Diagnosis:
Thorough examination of the mouth (anesthesia may be needed)
X-rays of the head (anesthesia required)
Treatment:
Correct the diet
Grind down overgrown teeth (anesthesia usually required)
Permanent removal of abnormal teeth
Medical therapy as needed to treat infected teeth or to control pain during healing

50. Hampsters WET TAIL Causes: Signs: Stress induced
Susceptibility is genetically inherited
Bacterial infection or an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the hamster's stomach
Signs:
Take 7 days to appear
Severe diarrhea
Unpleasant smell
Walk hunched up, weak and lethargic and may squeal in pain

51. Hampsters Diagnosis: Treatment:
Droppings are pale in color and extremely soft and may contain mucus
Treatment:
Antibiotics, anti-diarrheal medication
Water through a dropper
Keep warm and quiet
Keep cage clean

52. Vocabulary
Malocclusion
“Wet Tail”

53. Animal Health/Management Common Aliments Reptiles
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54. Reptiles MITES Cause: Signs: Ophionyssus natricis
Spend much more time soaking in their water bowl
Dysecdysis (difficulty shedding)
Mites can be seen floating in the water source

55. Reptiles Diagnosis: Treatment:
Mites are often most visible around the eyes, around the cloaca
Treatment:
Keep environment clean to prevent egg laying
Medicated soaks

56. Reptile Fibrous Osteodystrophy- “Metabolic Bone Disease” Causes:
Improper diet
Reptiles require a calcium:phosphorus ratio of 1:1 to 2:1
Signs:
Tremors and twitches in the muscles of the legs and toes
Jerky gait when walking and moving around
Shaking while being held
Constipation , Anorexia , Lethargy ,Weakness ,Partial paralysis, Fractured bones

57. Reptiles Diagnosis: Treatment:
X-rays may be used to determine the amount of damage to the bones.
Physical exam
Treatment:
Mild cases are usually treated by a change in diet and husbandry
Moderate to severe cases may require prescription strength calcium and phosphorus and hospitalization
Deformities are normally permanent

58. Vocabulary
Mites
Metabolic Bone Disease

59. Animal Health/Management Common Aliments Large Animals
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60. Horses STRANGLES “Equine Distemper” Causes:
Respiratory infection of horses, donkeys and ponies caused by Streptococcus equi
Spread when the nasal discharge or material from the draining abscess contaminates fomites
Fomite- inanimate object capable of carrying disease

61. Horse Signs: Diagnosis: Treatment: Fever Heavy nasal discharge
Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
Dull ( lethargic)
Decreased appetite
Diagnosis:
Throat swabs
Cultures of discharges
Treatment:
Keep common areas clean
Quarantine animals
Penicillin

62. Bovine Spongiforum encephalopathy –
Cattle
Bovine Spongiforum encephalopathy –
Mad Cow Disease
Causes:
Neurodegenerative disease
Spread by ingestion of infected animal parts
Signs:
Inability to stand, or walk

63. Cattle Diagnosis: Treatment: Clinical signs Brain biopsy after death
Euthanasia
Prevention: tightly regulated feeding of animal parts. No ruminants fed to ruminants

64. Vocabulary
Strangles
Fomite
BSE ( Mad Cow Disease )

65. Animal Health/Management Common Aliments Dogs / Cats
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66. Dogs Distemper Causes: Signs: Viral Gooey eye and nose discharge
Fever (which often comes and goes unnoticed)
Poor Appetite
Coughing and the development of pneumonia
Vomiting
Seizures

67. Dogs Diagnosis: Treatment: Distemper Titers Vaccines are available
Checks the level of antibodies
Treatment:
Vaccines are available
Prevention is best treatment
Pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics

68. Cats Diabetes Mellitus Causes: Signs: Obesity
Genetic predisposition (diabetes is more prevalent in males)
Poor nutrition
Hormonal abnormalities
Stress
Signs:
weakness, increased thirst, frequent urination, rapid weight loss, depression and abdominal pain
blindness due to cataract formation

69. Cats Diagnosis: Treatment:
Animals will fast and urine and blood tests will be taken to test blood sugar levels
Treatment:
Insulin injections
Diet management
Exercise

70. Cats and Dogs Hepatitis Causes: Signs: Diagnosis:
Inflammation of the liver
Signs:
lethargy, loss of appetite and diarrhea
Bloating of the abdomen
Jaundice
Diagnosis:
Level of liver enzymes in the blood

71. Dogs and Cats Treatment:
supportive care, antibiotics, low-protein diets and sometimes immunosuppressants

72. Vocabulary
Distemper
Hepatitis

73. Final Vocabulary: Please Define
Joints
Gait
Body Condition
Immune System
Antibody
Luster (referring to animal coats)
CRT
BPM
Heart Rate
Temperature
Vital Sign
Respiration Rate
Malocclusion
“Wet Tail”
Mites
Metabolic Bone Disease
Strangles
Fomite
BSE ( Mad Cow Disease )
Distemper
Hepatitis
Koch’s Postulates
Culture

74. Test Review Define your Vocab
Explain these diseases and know their categories
Strangles_______
Kennel Cough_______
E. coli_______
Valley Fever_______
Roundworm _______
Briefly describe the procedure a vet tech would perform when a client (pet) enters the office showing signs of illness. How would the animal be inspected for illness?
If an animal within a herd is showing signs of illness, what steps including prevention and eradication should the farmer and surround agricultural community perform?
What is a vaccine made of? How does the body react to a vaccine? How does this result in immunity?
What are the general signs of a healthy animal?
Know one common disease and its symptoms for the following animal groups: Small Mammal, Reptiles, Dogs, Cats, Large Animals

75. Animal Health and Management
Managing Diseases and Parasites

76. Warm Up When was the last time that you were sick?
How and why did you get infected?

77. Student Learning Objectives
Discuss signs of good and bad animal health.
Identify diseases transmissible from animals to humans and humans to animals.
Describe common animal parasites and diseases.
List ways to prevent and treat diseases and parasites.

78. Terms
Vaccinating
Ventilation
Zoonoses

79. How do I know if my animal is sick or not?
I. Being able to recognize when your animals need medical attention is important to the business.
Many diseases and parasites are treatable if caught early
Keep the sickness from spreading act quickly at the first signs.

80. How do I know if my animal is sick or not?
A. Signs of good health include:
Contented animals look free from all anxiety.
Some animals have specific signs
Pigs will curl their tails when they are content and sheep will stay quiet.

81. How do I know if my animal is sick or not?
A. Signs of good health include:
2. Normal feces and urine should be seen.
This will vary with diet and type of species
3. Body temperature, respiration, and pulse rate should be monitored because unusual highs and lows can be symptoms.
4. Alertness can be judged by checking if an animal perks its ears when you draw near.
5. The skin and coat of most animals should be oily and elastic like.

82. How do I know if my animal is sick or not?
A. Signs of good health include:
6. The animal’s eyes should be bright and their membranes pinkish.
7. One of the easiest things to notice is when an animal goes off feed.
All healthy animals should eat eagerly when fed and ruminants should be seen chewing their cud.

83. Signs of Poor Health
1. When animals stray off by themselves and hold their head down it is a good sign that they are not well.
2. Lower production of milk is also not good.

84. Signs of Poor Health
3. A rough-looking dull hair coat or skin that stays up when pinched are signs of poor health.
4. Discolored feces or urine can be obvious signs of trouble.

85. Signs of Poor Health
5. Glassy eyes are sometimes a sign of poor health.
6. An animal that is difficult to get up and walks slowly may also indicate that something is wrong.

87. Disease Behavior
II. Many diseases are passed between animals and humans.
Modes of Transference
They are usually transferred by way of meat, milk, or eggs.
close contact is made
insects carrying them from animal to animal.

88. Zoonosis Zoonoses are diseases that animals can transmit to humans.
Some of the diseases include:
1. Tuberculosis
2. Anthrax
3. Rabies
4. Brucellosis (Bangs)
5. Nine Mile Fever (Q Fever)
6. Parasites like Ringworm

89. Types of Zoonotic Diseases
B. Three kinds of diseases are transferred from humans to animals.
Protozoa, bacterial, and viral infections are the three.

90. Types of Zoonotic Diseases
Protozoa infections like the animal parasite that causes amoebic dysentery can be shared.
Bacterial infections like the streptococcus that causes scarlet fever in humans can be passed to an animal and then produce large problems when humans consume milk or other products.

91. What diseases can I give to or get from my animals?
Viral infections are being researched closely for more shared ailments between humans and animals but we know that chimps can get common colds and dogs can get the mumps virus.

92. Common Parasites and Diseases
III. There are some common diseases and parasites with specific symptoms.
Diseases can be contagious or non-contagious.
Contagious diseases are diseases that can be passed from one animal to another.
Non-contagious diseases are diseases that cannot be transferred from one animal to another.

93. Important to determine what kind because contagious animals need to be separated to prevent spreading the disease.

94. Contagious
Contagious diseases are usually caused by bacteria or viruses.
They spread from animal to animal by simple contact or shared facilities.

95. Noncontagious
Diseases that are not contagious, like scurvy, are sometimes caused by a vitamin or mineral deficiency.
They may also be caused by ingestion of metal, poisonous plants or animals, or open wounds the animal may have.

96. General Symptoms General symptoms specific to disease include:
1. Animal losing fetus
2. Shaking
3. Coughing
4. Poor growth or decrease in production
5. Rough coat

97. Parasites Parasites can be internal or external.
Internal parasites are ones that live inside the animal like flukes and roundworms.
External parasites are ones that live outside the animal like fleas and flies.

98. Parasite Symptoms Symptoms of parasites may include:
1. Observing the parasite on an animal.
2. Diarrhea, worms in feces, or bloody feces.
3. Loss of weight.
4. Decreased production, growth, and reproduction.

100. Ways to prevent / treat diseases and parasites
IV. Whenever possible prevention of disease should be done.
Ways to prevent diseases and parasites:
Natural immunity- immunity to a specific disease is inherited from parent to offspring
Species immunity- a disease that affects one species does not affect other species

101. Prevention
2. Vaccinating is injecting a disease organism that has been modified into an animal to prevent the animal from getting the disease later.
Biologics are the medical preparations made from microorganisms and their products, like vaccinations and serums.

102. Prevention
3. Sanitation management is important to preventing diseases and parasites.
Sanitation is the act of cleaning or sterilizing an area.

103. Prevention 4. Ventilation is also important to manage.
Ventilation is causing air to move through a building.
5. Keep all housing facilities clean and use dry bedding.

104. Prevention
6. Disposal of manure is very important. If animals are made to live in their manure it will surely cause diseases to transfer rapidly because it is the optimal environment for diseases and parasites to thrive in.

105. Prevention
7. Using the same pasture for the same species over and over could be dangerous. Try to rotate animals to break a parasitic life cycle.
8. Always dispose of carcasses in a sanitary way.

106. Treatment
Drugs for treatment come in many forms like pills, powders, and liquids.
Before giving any medication, be sure to check if there is a milk or meat hold associated with the drug.

107. Treatment 2. There are many ways to inject drugs.
They are all named according to how they are injected.
Intravenous means injected into the vein.
Intramuscular means injected into a muscle.
Subcutaneous means injected under the animals skin.

108. Treatment Methods Intradermal means injected between layers of skin.
Injections into an animals rumen are called intraruminal.
Injections given in the abdominal cavity are called intraperitoneal.

109. Signs
4. Checking respiration and pulse can be done without any expensive equipment.
For respiration, simply watch how many times the animal breathes in 1 minute.
For pulse you can often hold your ear against the animal and listen for the heartbeat.

110. What are some ways to prevent and treat diseases and parasites?
5. Always restrain animals properly to prevent hurting the animal or yourself.
6. Certain ailments can be treated with little knowledge, but other problems require the expertise of a veterinarian.
A good management practice is to know your own limitations.

111. Vocabulary Biologics Contagious External parasites Internal parasites
Intradermal
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Intraruminal
Intravenous
Natural immunity
Non-contagious
Sanitation
Species immunity
Subcutaneous

112. ACTIVITIES
Review Quiz 1

113. Test Review