1. Yung Loo 25.06.2014 FCC: GIS & Tunnelling Update

2. 2 1.GIS Progress 2.Alignment: Horizontal / Laser Straight 3.Data Interpolation 4.Preliminary Findings LHC Crossing under ATLAS Point 1 Bored vs IMT Total Shaft Depths Risk Matrix 5.Next Steps

3. 3 GIS Tool Development – Current Status Web-based GIS Decision Aid Tool Dynamic Chart: Profile surface elevation and geology Profile of tunnel Shaft Locations Warnings when tunnel above ground level Dynamic Tables: Depth to tunnel Shaft Length through geology layers % age of tunnel intersecting geology ±3km horizontal variance in results for shaft depth User Inputs Alignments of 6 FCC Options Interactive alignment location on map Alter Shaft locations (10%) - slidebar Select Tunnel Depth - slidebar Select Tunnel Gradient – slidebar Select point of inflection of tunnel gradient Outputs

4. 4 GIS Tool Development – Current Status Web-based GIS Decision Aid Tool Dynamic Chart: Profile surface elevation and geology Profile of tunnel Shaft Locations Warnings when tunnel above ground level Dynamic Tables: Depth to tunnel Shaft Length through geology layers % age of tunnel intersecting geology ±3km horizontal variance in results for shaft depth User Inputs Alignments of 6 FCC Options Interactive alignment location on map Alter Shaft locations (10%) - slidebar Select Tunnel Depth - slidebar Select Tunnel Gradient – slidebar Select point of inflection of tunnel gradient Outputs

5. 5 GIS Tool Development – Current Status 123 4 56 7 89 10 To Develop: Cretaceous boundary: Basement Massifs Calcaire Lake Superficials/Moraine

6. 6 Geographic Reference System Alignment Geographic Reference System: - Laser straight / Earth curvature - Geoid - Ellipsoid - Inherent distortion

7. ILC for CERN Site (Horizontal) This was ok for ILC Geographic Reference System FCC Tunnel alignment is following Earth curvature and appears horizontal as flattened when projected with LV95

8. 8 Geographic Reference System WGS 84 Swiss Lv95 A geographic coordinate system (WGS84), uses a 3d spherical surface to define locations on the earth. A projected coordinate system (Swiss Lv95) is defined on a flat, 2d surface. All data uses Swiss Lv95, which effectively ‘flattens’ the data and removes the curvature of the earth. Therefore this flattening removes any curvature in the alignment when viewed in profile. Datasets Terrain: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Geology: Le système d'information du territoire à Genève (SITG) Coordinate System: SwissLV95

9. 9 Geographic Reference System Swiss LV95: Geographic coordinate system - Uses Bessel 1841 ellipsoid - x,y,z derived directly from a fundamental point at Zimmerwald Federal Office of Topography, swisstopo

10. 10 Geographic Reference System Scale Distortion: 75-100ppm ~ 2.4-3.1m over 31.8km (~relative 0.7m) Meridian Convergence: angular difference from north (-0.9 to -1.0, ~relative 0.1º)

11. 11 Point Interpolation PostGIS function which interpolates a point on a line. Location of point is a fraction of total length of the line. 1% intervals used. For 100km alignment, a point every 100m. 83km, a point every 83m. All geology information has been converted to raster format using the ‘Topo to Raster’ tool in ArcGIS Uses an iterative interpolation technique, based on IDW and kriging. Optimised to have computational efficiency of local interpolation methods without losing surface continuity of global interpolation methods. Allows for the created DEM to follow abrupt changes in elevation.

12. P3 P1 P7 (450m) (359m) (350m) FCC (horizontal) FCC (at grade) ?m Superficials Moraine Molasse Tunnelling under lake (330m) (310m) (230m) Vertical depth below Point 1 30m 50m 130m Effect of tunnel position on Point 1 connection

13. Alignment & Tunnelling Type – Preliminary Results To be updated with Cretaceous geology Horizontal Alignment: Above GL

14. 14 Lake Crossing: Tunnelling Considerations IMTBored Remarks Ground conditionsSuperficialsMoraineMolasse Geotechnical Risks, with which can be designed for. Excavation Technology++++ All proven technology at the anticipated depths, lengths & diameter. More extensive ground treatment in non-molasse options Logistics: Segmental vs prefab and casting basin -++ Navigation issues, inland segment yards, near shore casting yards, floating docks Long term durability: Stability, joints, maintenance & operation +--Increased joint connections in TBM Environmental: Spoil disposal, dredging, ship impacts -++ IMT dredging can be used directly as construction material Energy: Power and fuel consumption +-- IMT less energy requirements, more fuel requirements Cost and programme??? To determine further in stage 3

15. 15 Next Steps - GADZ Cretaceous data inclusion - GIS programming completion and integration - Screening results - Stage 2: Requirements, constraints & alignment optioneering