2.  Percentage Bar graphs are similar ways to pie graphs. They are used to show different amounts of related data.  They are construct using a single bar which can either be aligned horizontally or vertically.  They still need all the regular graphing conventions! Key, title, scale, labels.

4.  Give your bar graph a title. The title of the graph will be the same as the title of the table you are getting your data from.  Underline your title.

5.  Once you have sorted your data draw a bar. Depending on how much space you have and how much info you are going to put on it decides the size.  An easy way to do it is in multiples of ten as you can just take one decimal place off if needs be.

6.  At the bottom of the bar create a scale. The scale goes from 0 to 100 and increases in even MEASURED increments.  This requires you to put in a label. This label goes at the bottom of the graph and reads percent (%).  Then simply using your data you shade in the area each bit of data tells you i.e. if a piece of data is 15% you shade in 15% of your bar graph.

7.  Once you have filled in all the pieces of the percentage bar graph you will need a key.  Each symbol you use in the key has to be obviously different. Using completely different colours using coloured pencils is a good way to do this.

8.  Create your own Bar graph using the following data.  New Zealand Landforms LandformsPercentage of areas of N.Z. Mountains49 Rough Hills25 Easy Hills15 Plateaux3 Plains8

10.  Scatter graphs are very important tools to Geographers.  They are used to show a relationship between Two different sets of data. These two sets of data are called variables.  The relationships which can be found are Negative : As one variable increases the other decreases an example of this is as temperature increases electricity bills decrease  Positive: As one variable increases so does the other i.e. Population of a city increases so does the cities waste levels.  No Correlation where the variables have no relationship i.e. As the Weather gets hotter more people chew gum.

12.  Scattergraphs need all the normal graphing conventions these are of course.  Title, labelled axis, and they have to go up in even incriments.

13.  Construct a Hypothesis this means try and predict what the data is going to show.  Data on Whiteboard.  Now we have to data goes on which axis.  This is done by placing the Dependant data on the on the Y axis and…  Placing the Independent data on the x axis.  This may sound complicated but just remember that the dependant data depends on the independent. The independent data however would exist without the dependant data

14.  Next you fill out the axis like you would a normal line or bar graph making sure you go up in even increments. Also making sure you label both axis.  Now it is time to start plotting the point on our graph. To plot the graph you just line up the two points needed like….

16.  Now Instead of joining up all the dots like you do with a line graph you have to study them to decide if they form any patterns.  To do this you draw a straight Ruled line through the middle of the dots trying to keep an even amount on either side of the dots this will show you a relationships.  This line is called the line of best fit. If there is no line then you answer with no relationship.

17.  Positive Relationship: The line goes from low to high.  Negative relationship: The line goes from high to low.  Checklist (Write this down)  Give your graph a title.  Form a Hypothesis  Label the axis putting dependant data on y axis and independent on x axis.  Plot the graph accurately using a coloured key if needs be.  Study the plots you have made and rule in a line of best fit.  Make a conclusion about the relationship the data shows.

18.  Your Turn DayDaily max temp degrees Number of ice creams sold 12481 22270 31837 41951 52475 62791 72797 82573

20.  Instead of writing data into a table diagrams are used to represent the numbers. You have probably all done them before when tallying up numbers by counting to four then putting a cross through the them for the fifth number.  They are simple to construct. You just need to settle on a symbol and decide what each symbol is worth. They look like this…

22.  In the following slide each diagram of fruit represented one but if your give it a key it can represent different amounts.  Time for you to draw your own Pictograph.

24.  Scale is something which once you know how to do is so easy! Every exam someone has a mind blank and forgets how to do it though.  Here is the remedy.  Remember very seldom are maps drawn the same size as the area they represent they in fact often are 50,000 times smaller.

25.  How to read a scale.  On the map you are using there will be a scale shown in some place. It will look like 1:5000 or 1:10000.  This means that for every 1cm you travel on your map is equal to 5000cm in real life.  So 1:10000 means?  Usually they are done in measurements which are the same as your rule i.e. 1cm=10km so using your ruler you can simply measure the distance and work it out.

26.  Using pg 12 do activities:  4A,B  Do activities using big map-

27.  When working with Grid Referencing use the same principles you use when you are working with a graph.  You simply line the x axis up with the y axis.

28.  Crawl before you Climb  This means you always use the Easting's which go from east to west first. When a grid reference is written they are written first.  Easting's go up and down on the page whereas nothings go from south to north.  On the whiteboard figure the grid reference: 0205,0101,0302,0203.

29.  Now splitting each box into 10’s we can do 6 figure grid referencing.  Figure these grid references:  023,027  045,012  032,010  011,048

30.  Find the following grid references using the large map provided.  The height at:139978  Height at: 394095  Feature at:308043  Feature at: 460130  What's at: 412022  210186  361102  480925  437912  415942  296026

31.  A cross section is an diagram which shows the actual altitude changes which on maps are shown by contour lines.  It is as if a giant knife has sliced so you can see the different layers and levels.  This is me standing side on to you as the class. If you cut me down the middle you would see what is inside me i.e. my organs my brain etc. The Cross section would look like…

33.  You Draw cross sections by Figuring out which are the two site you want to draw the cross section of.  You mark this line X and Y.  You then use another piece and mark where the contour lines cut into the piece of paper.  At each mark you have made you put in the contour height.  Now you draw a normal frame for your cross section just like you would for a line graph. Remember it has to be as wide as the cross section on the x axis and as high on the Y axis.

34.  You then Mark out on the X axis the contour line points you have made and put a x at the height they went through your paper.  Now remember to not rule the lines between points instead draw a steady flow hand drawn line.  Shade in the area under the cross section.

35.  Mark an area X-Y.  Use a piece of paper to mark the contour lines.  Put in each contour lines height.  Draw up a frame should be as wide as the x-y distance.  Plot the cross section matching the contour lines with the height on the axis.  Draw in a line do not rule.  Shade in underneath.  Give it a title and labels!!!

36.  To figure out percentages you use the formula:  n/total X 100  If the percentage we were trying to find was 5 out of 10 the formula would look like..  5/10X100=50%

37.  To construct a mean you need to rank the data.  You then divide the number by two to find the half way point. For example there were 16 sets of data you divided it by two. This would give you 8. You will then find the 8 th piece of data this is your median.

38.  A mean is often called an average.  To get the mean you add up all the statistics given.  You then divide them by the number of sets of data.  If all the information provide added up to 100. There are 10 sets of data which make this total then you simply divide 100 by 10 = 10

39.  Mode is the number which occurs the most in any set of data.

40.  Rank data.  Once data has been ranked you take the highest number and subtract the lowest number this number is your range.