1. Airfoil Aerodynamics By: Ryan Can

2. Need Federal Aviation Administration, 2008

3. Knowledge Base Aerodynamic Forces Drag Equation Lift Equation How an Airfoil Generates Lift Benson, 2007

4. Knowledge Base Reynold’s Number Stall

5. Literature Review CFD Simulations of Oscillating Sub-Boundary Layer Vortex Generators for Diffuser Flow Separation Control, Amhad 2008 International Journal of Engineering and Technology Scott, 2005

6. Literature Review Effects of Surface Roughness and Vortex Generators on a NACA Airfoil, Ruess 1995 Ohio State University

7. Literature Review Flight Test Results of Riblets at Supersonic Speed,. Zungia 1992 NASA

8. Literature Review Control of Self-Induced Pitching Vibrations of an Airfoil: Spanwise Wire, Tokgoz 2006 German Aerospace Center

9. Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to lower the drag and increase the lift as well as delaying the stall angle of a model airfoil by applying vortex generators or ribleting the surface to lower skin friction drag, as well as producing self induced vibrations with a spanwise wire.

10. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis- The appliance of vortex generators, a ribleted surface or a spanwise wire will not show a difference in lift, drag, stall angle of a NACA 4415 Airfoil Alternate Hypothesis- The appliance of vortex generators will increase lift and decrease drag as well as delay the stall angle and reduce stall speed of a NACA 4415 airfoil. The appliance of riblets will decrease skin friction drag of an airfoil. The application of a spanwise wire on the airfoil will show a decrease in drag

11. Experimental Design NACA 4415 Airfoil Reuss, 1995

12. Experimental Design Riblet Cross Sectional View Zungia, 1992

13. Experimental Design Cross Sectional View of Spanwise Wire

14. Protocols Measuring Lift and Drag using Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer Determining Stall Angle (Reuss, 1995)

15. Improving the Aerodynamics of an Airfoil NACA 4415 Airfoil without modifications NACA 4415 Airfoil with vortex generators NACA 4415Airfoil with riblets Test in Pitsco Air Tech X Stream Wind tunnel at Re of 32,455, 168,365, 304,274, 439,508, 574,741, 709,974, 845,207, and 980,441 Test for lift and drag of model using the Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer and software A statistical analysis by ANOVA (p<.05) ran with a Scheffe Post- Hoc test Run descriptive statistics calculating means plus or minus SD using SPSS NACA 4415 Airfoil with spanwise wire

16. Do-Ability Pitsco Air Tech X- Stream Wind Tunnel Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer

17. Budget Plan VendorOrder #QuantityDescriptionSingle PriceTotal Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W31233 1Airtech X-Stream Wind Tunnel $3,895.00 Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W30131 1 Test Flight Wing Analyzer and Software, X-Stream Version $1,195.00 Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W54545 1The Wing Cutter Package$550.00 Special Vendor10NACA 4415 Styrofoam AirfoilEmail Flying Foam15cm chord length www.flyingfoam.com.6 cm max camber 100 W Pflugerville Loop Suite 1032.25cm max thickness Pflugerville, TX 78660.2cm sheeting allowance (512) 670 2107Zero leading edge length.1cm trailing edge thickness

18. Bibliography Anderson, John D., Aerodynamic Force, Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, McGraw Hill Inc, US, ©2001, Volume 1 AAR-AOR, pps 167-169 Amhad, Abdullah and Watterson, CFD Simulations of Oscillating Sub-Boundary Layer Vortex Generators for Diffuser Flow Separation Control, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, ©2008, Volume 5, Number 1, pps 25-35 Benson, Tom, Modern Drag Equation, NASA Glenn Research Center, June 15, 2007 Benson, Tom, Modern Lift Equation, NASA Glenn Research Center, June 15, 2007 Hollyman, Gareth, Carbon Emissions from Aviation Grow Rapidly, Manchester Metropolitan University, June 27 2006 Kroo, Ilan, Applied Aerodynamics: A Digital Textbook, Desktop Aeronautics Inc., ©2007 January, Stanford CA, Section 7.1Applied Aerodynamics: A Digital Textbook Marchaj, C A, Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing, International Marine Publishing, ©1991 January, Part 2 Section A.5, pps 198-209 Mason, Vortex Generators, AOE, March 26 2004 Nolan, Peter J., Fundamentals of College Physics, Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc., ©1995 United States of America, Chapter 4 Section 3, pps 81-82 Reuss, R, Effects of Surface Roughness and Vortex Generators on the NACA 4415 Airfoil, Ohio State University, December 1995 Scott, Jeff, "Vortex Generators", Aerospace Web, January 14 2001 Tokgoz S., Control of Self-Induced Pitching Vibrations of an Airfoil: Spanwise Wire, German Aerospace Center, September 2006 Zungia, Fanny A., Flight Test Results of Riblets at Supersonic Speeds, NASA, June 1992