3. and off the job. NOISE AND ACOUSTICS Hazardous noise exposures occur on the job..…

4. NOISE AND ACOUSTICS Noise-Induced Hearing Loss  Causes no pain  Causes no visible trauma  Leaves no visible scars  Is unnoticeable in its earliest stages  Accumulates with each over-exposure  Takes years to diagnose Is permanent and 100% preventable

5. NOISE AND ACOUSTICS

6. How do I know if the noise levels are hazardous? If you must shout to be understood over the background noise when standing about one arm-length away from somebody, that background noise is hazardous.

7. NOISE AND ACOUSTICS Time-Weighted Average Permissible Exposure Limits

8. OSHA STANDARD Time-Weighted Average Permissible Exposure Limits

10. HOW WE HEAR  Sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate  Bones in middle ear transmit vibrations to cochlea  Receptors (hair cells) in cochlea convert vibrations to electrical energy  Brain interprets these electrical impulses as sound

11. HOW WE HEAR  Nerve cells in the cochlea are tuned to specific frequencies  Base of the cochlea is sensitive to high frequency sounds  Tip of the cochlea is sensitive to low frequency sounds

12. HOW WE HEAR 17-year old girl Low noise exposure Normal cochlea Receptors intact 76-year old man Low noise exposure Fewer receptors but still intact 59-year old man High noise exposure Damaged cochlea Receptors destroyed

13. HOW WE HEAR High-frequency sounds of speech K P SH S TH T F CH H High-frequency

15. HPD SELECTION The Best Hearing Protection COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PPE COMFORT NOISE REDUCTION SIZE COMMUNICATION NEEDS SPECIAL JOB REQUIREMENTS CLEANLINESS

16. HPD SELECTION Common Objections to Wearing HPDs “Hearing protectors are uncomfortable.” “I don’t need them, I am used to the noise.” “I already lost some of my hearing, so why should I wear them?” “I can’t hear my co-workers if I wear them.” “I can always get a hearing aid.” “Can I hurt my eardrums if I insert a plug to deeply.” “My machine sounds different.” “Won’t I get an ear infection?”

18. FITTING TIPS Find the Right Size Maximum protection is only accomplished when an earplug acoustically seals in the ear canal. No earplug fits all ear canals, so manufacturers have responded with a variety of sizes. It is important to find your right size to obtain an acoustic seal

19. FITTING TIPS ROLL-DOWN FOAM 2. Pull Back pinna by reaching over head with free hand, gently pull top of ear up and out 1. Roll entire earplug into a crease-free cylinder 3. Insert earplug well into ear canal and hold until it fully expands

21. FITTING TIPS Visual Check for Foam Earplugs If properly fitted, the end of the earplugs should not extend beyond the tragus (flap of the ear canal).

23. 1.Reach over head with free hand, pull ear up and back and insert earplug well inside ear canal. 2.Earplugs should be inserted as shown in these drawings. Stop pushing earplug when finger touches the ear. 3.If properly fitted, the end of the earplugs should not be visible to someone looking at you from the front. NO-ROLL FOAM EARPLUGS

24. MULTIPLE-USE EARPLUGS 1.While holding the stem, reach hand overhead and gently pull top of ear up and back. 2.Insert earplug so all flanges are well inside the ear canal. 3.If properly fitted, only the stem of the earplugs should be visible to someone looking at you from the front.

25. 2. Acoustical Check - Cup hands over ears and release. Earplugs should block enough noise so that covering your ears with hands should not result in a significant noise difference. EARPLUGS (ALL) 1.Visual Check - The earplug should sit well inside the ear canal and not stick out.

26. 1.Place earcups over each outer ear 2.Adjust the headband by sliding the headband up or down at the attachment buttons 3.The ear cushions should seal firmly against the head EARMUFF INSTRUCTIONS

27. EARMUFF INSTRUCTIONS – DON’TS For best results, remove all hair from underneath earcup. Ensure that the earcup creates a seal and covers the ear completely.

29. PRODUCTS Types of Hearing Protectors Earplugs  Single-Use  Multiple-Use  Detectable Banded Protectors  Banded Earplugs  Canal Caps Earmuffs  Standard (Headband)  Cap-Mounted  Electronic  Special Application

30. PROS AND CONS OF HPDs – EARPLUGS PRO Comfortable for extended use Disposable earplugs available Cooler in hot/humid environments CON Attenuation highly dependent upon good fit Hygiene issues in dirty environments

31. CARE & MAINTENANCE OF HPDs – EARPLUGS Dispose of single-use earplugs daily Clean multiple-use earplugs with mild soap and water, dry thoroughly Inspect multiple-use earplugs for dirt, cracks or hardness, replace if damaged

32. PROS AND CONS OF HPDs – BANDED EARPLUGS Clean and replace pods regularly

33. CARE & MAINTENANCE OF HPDs – BANDED EARPLUGS PRO Very convenient for intermittent noise Readily available around neck when not in use CON Lower attenuation than most earplugs Some noise transmission through band

34. PROS AND CONS OF HPDs – EARMUFFS PRO Easy to get proper fit Good for intermittent noise Radio & electronic options CON Can feel hot/heavy with extended wear Compatibility with other PPE?

35. CARE & MAINTENANCE OF HPDs – EARMUFFS Clean ear cushions and headband regularly with mild soap and water Replace ear cushionsand foam inserts every 6 months with normal wear, more often with heavy use or under humid/extreme conditions

36.  EHS will assist in selecting appropriate hearing protection.  Some high noise areas may require both ear plugs and ear muffs.  EHS has a noise dosimeter and is able to provide noise monitoring for individuals or areas of concern. Selecting Appropriate Hearing Protection

37. Hearing Loss Due To Noise Exposure Is … Painless Permanent Progressive … and very PREVENTABLE !

38. University of Michigan – Flint Roles & Responsibilities  Employer  Administer Hearing Protection Program  Provide appropriate hearing protection for employees  Provide annual hearing conservation training  Arrange for annual audiograms for employees  Keep records  Employee  Wear provided hearing protection in required areas or while performing tasks that produce high noise levels  Follow fitting instructions  Properly store & care for re-usable hearing protection.  Inspect re-usable hearing protection prior to use.

39. What is a Standard Threshold Shift?  STS is defined by OSHA/MIOSHA as average of 10 dbA or greater increased hearing threshold in 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 Hz in one or both ears.  STS’s are a recordable injury under OSHA. However, in Michigan, a STS is not a recordable injury on the OSHA/MIOSHA unless the hearing thresholds have increased on an average of 25 dBA.

40. When an Employee has a Standard Threshold Shift (STS)  If an employee’s annual audiogram indicates a Standard Threshold Shift  The University’s medical provider notifies the employee and EHS.  The employee has 30 days to return to the clinic for a second audiogram to verify or refute the first one.  If the second audiogram verifies a STS, then this audiogram becomes the new baseline.  Work Connections is notified of verified STSs.  Per UM hearing conservation guidelines, the employee is notified via e-mail and needs to meet with EHS for education on hearing protection and conservation.  Employee signs letter stating they understand that they have a STS and have received applicable education and training.

41. University of Michigan Hearing Conservation Guidelines- Training & Education  STS and audiometric zero  recognizing noisy environments  noise exposure on and off the job  methods used to control and reduce noise exposure  properly selecting and fitting hearing protection  monitoring of workplace noise levels