1. DISORDERS OF MOTOR PLANNING AND RESPONDING 1. APPRAXIA/DYSPRAXIA 2. DYSGRAPHIA 1

2. 8/19/2015Zentall 2 Developmental Coordination Disorder

3. 8/19/2015zentall 3 Dyspraxia

4. Zentall 4 8/19/2015 Communication Specific characteristics of Apraxic speech include un-sequenced sounds or syllables inconsistent speech the loss of sounds or words during articulation

5. 8/19/2015Zentall 5 Look at this link Apraxia Video:Apraxia Video: listen to Brandon as an example of dyspraxia http://www.debtsmart.net/talk/inside_edition.html

6. Zentall 6 8/19/2015 Communication cont. Examples include  "shif" instead of "fish" or  "miskate" instead of "mistake"  pronouncing "gate" as it should be one day, but replacing the "g" sound the next day with "k" or "d" and saying "kate" or "date" (Hall, Part I, 2000).

7. 8/19/2015 zentall 7 Dyspraxia and Mislabeling 2 girls with Apraxia, a motor disorder, mistakenly labeled: hearing impaired behavior disordered Another woman (undergrad in this course) was referred for testing at the age of 2 for not speaking—now also w/ bad handwriting and poor gross motor control, could run, however, because less motor skill involved.

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10. 10 Assesss these Specific Handwriting Errors 1. Bad or illegible handwriting (24% failure to close the letters in this ‘word’ kityfogpads) 2. Top loop closed (l/t, e/I) 3. Using straight up strokes rather than rounded (n like u, c like I) 4. End strokes 5. Crossings 6. Top loop short (b,d,h, k) 7. Too small 8. Closing c, h,u,w 9. Part of letter omitted

11. 11 8 yr old Dysgraphic

12. 8/19/2015 zentall 12 Dysgraphia. History and handedness

13. 8/19/2015 zentall 13 Perceptual or Motor

14. 8/19/2015 zentall 14 Perceptual or Motor

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16. 8/19/2015 zentall 16 ADHD and Dysgraphic

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20. 20 Emotional Characteristics Students with dysgraphia are punished by… 1. staying in for recess to complete assignments 2. taking home excessive amounts of homework People may assume that they are… 1. Lazy 2. Careless 3. Not intelligent = Low self-efficacy & Low self-esteem

21. 21 In contrast, writing forwards, backwards, upsidedown, upsidedown & backwards with either hand may look like giftedness:

22. 22 Vocabulary: 3 types of dysgraphia 1. memory dysgraphia 1. motor dysgraphia 1. perceptual-spatial dysgraphia 1. cannot recall the written form of letters but can copy 2. cannot form letters but know that their writing is poor 3. cannot form their letters and do not know that their writing or drawing is poor

23. 23 Learning Characteristics 1. Perception 2. Memory RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS 1. Fine motor

24. Interventions Zentall 24 8/19/2015

25. 25 Deficit or Compensation Training?

26. 26 Read this linklink http://www.ldonline.org/article/6202