1. Data Structure and access method Fan Zhang Zhiqi Chen

2. Unordered file  Linear search Ordered file  Binary search

3. One to Two Dimensions  Six title index:  row order  row-prime order  Cantor-diagonal order  spiral order  Morton order  Peano-Hilbert order.

4. Raster Structure  chain codes  Run-length encoding (RLE)  Block encoding dimensions. Point Object Structure  Grid structure  Point quadtree  2D-tree

5. Linear Objects  PM quadtrees  PM1 quadtree  PM2 quadtree  PM3 quadtree Collection of Objects  Rectangles & Minnimum bounding boxes  R-trees & R+-trees  BSP-tree

6. Spherical Data Structures  Provide methods to surface of the Earth  Quaternary triangular mesh (QTM)

7. Voronio Diagram  Decomposes a set of objects in a spatial  Variants: the k-th order, the Farthest-Site  Method to create a Voronoi Diagram  Been used in: science, astronomy, biology, nearest neighbor problem, and route planning.

8. R-Trees  A important access method in Spatial Data Management.  A ubiquitous data structure  The splitting criteria: Linear Split, Quadratic Split, Exponential Split.  Various: R+-tree, R*-Tree, Static R-tree, Packed R-tree, Hilbert Packed R-tree, STR R-tree, Time-Evolving R-tree  Used for: processing spatial queries, spatio-temporal database, multimedia database, data warehousing and data mining. Based on the research, it covers almost every aspect of concerning a database.  Will be important in modern system and application.

9. R*-Trees  An efficiently access method for points and rectangles.  A popular access method in database systems organizing both multidimensional point data and spatial data.  More suitable for the more complex object representation.  Supports point and spatial data at the same time and its implementation cost is a little higher than of other R-tree variants.  R*-tree has been used in geographic information system (GIS), digital mock-up (DMU), and multidimensional feature vectors.

10. Mobile Object Indexing  Been used in location-aware applications  traffic monitoring,  intelligent navigation  mobile communications management

11. Thank you!  Any question ？