1. Testing: A Global Perspective Lauren Moss EDPSY 653 11/30/2011

2. Overview  Brief history of intelligence testing  International attitudes towards testing  International translations of the WISC-IV  French Version  Spanish Version  Examples of tests developed outside of the United States  The Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children  British Ability Scales

3. A Brief History (Boake, 2002)  Contrary to popular belief, cognitive assessments existed prior to the publication of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale  Form boards were used to train cognitively- impaired children in the mid-1800s  James McKeen Cattell researched adaptations of Francis Galton’s tests in the U.S. in the 1890s  The Binet-Simon was published in 1905 due to compulsory education laws in France

4. International Attitudes Towards Testing  Globally, nations use foreign-developed tests more frequently than locally-developed tests (Hu & Oakland, 1991)  Middle Eastern and Third World countries use group tests more frequently than individual tests (Hu & Oakland, 1991)  Middle Eastern and Third World Countries use achievement tests less frequently (Hu & Oakland, 1991)  Industrialized nations use intelligence measures more often than developing nations (Hu & Oakland, 1991)

5. WISC-IV: French Translation  Standardization sample included 1103 French students aged 6-16 (Lecerf et al, 2010)  Appears to measure the four major indexes as well as the original WISC-IV (Lecerf et al, 2010)  There were differences with regards to what the individual subtests measured  Cultural differences were found to have an impact on performance

6. WISC-IV: Spanish Translation  Released in 2005  Intended for use with Spanish-speaking children in the United States and Puerto Rico (San Miguel Montes et al, 2010)  Standardization sample included 851children  Children with diagnoses and in the normal comparison group performed lower than the standardization sample averages on the indexes and subtests

7. The Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children (Guo, Aveyard, & Dai, 2009)  Published in 1998  Based on the structure of the WPPSI and the WISC  Standardization sample of 664 urban and 820 rural children  Age range of three to seven years  10 subtests with two scales: Verbal Comprehension and Spatial Perception  Although it is based on a two-factor model, the CISYC can fit into the four-factor model of the WISC

8. British Ability Scales (Sparrow & Davis, 2000)  First published in 1979; third edition released earlier this year  Used to measure cognitive function in Great Britain  Standardization sample of 1700 children  Age range of two years, six months to 17 years, 11 months  Two batteries: Early Years and School Age  Determines a General Conceptual Ability, which is comparable to “g”  Measures verbal ability (crystallized ability), nonverbal reasoning (fluid ability), and spatial ability (broad visualization)

9. What does it all mean?  Advances in intelligence testing are occurring on a global level  The development of new assessments is heavily influenced by assessments that are already in place  There is still a long way to go in the world of intelligence testing

10. References  Boake, C. (2002). From the Binet-Simon to the Wechsler-Bellevue: Tracing the history of intelligence testing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24(3), 383-405  Guo, B., Aveyard, P., & Dai, X. (2009). The Chinese Intelligence Scale for Young Children: Testing factor structure and measurement invariance using the framework of the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(3), 459-474. doi: 10.1177/0013164409332209  Hu, S. & Oakland, T. (1991). Global and regional perspectives on testing children and youth: An empirical study. International Journal of Psychology, 26(3), 329-344  Lecerf, T., Rossier, J., Favez, N., Reverte, I., & Coleaux, L. (2010). The four- vs. alternative six- factor structure of the French WISC-IV: Comparison using confirmatory factor analyses. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 69(4), 221-232. doi: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000026  San Miguel Montes, L.E., Allen, D.N., Puente, A.E., & Neblina, C. (2010). Validity of the WISC- IV Spanish for a clinically referred sample of Hispanic children. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 465-469. doi: 10.1037/a0018895  Solihull Metropolitan Council. (2011). Psychometric Tools. Retrieved from http://www.solihull.gov.uk/psychology/20775.htm http://www.solihull.gov.uk/psychology/20775.htm  Sparrow, S.S. & Davis, S.M. (2000). Recent advances in the assessment of intelligence and cognition. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1), 117-131