1. Top 5 Myths and Truths about Why Committed Mormons Leave the Church John P. Dehlin

3. Have spent the past 8 years speaking with thousands of disaffected Mormons Almost left the church myself. Recently returned Attend church weekly with my family Consider myself to be a “reconstructed believer” A tiny bit about me…

4. PRELIMINARY AND INDICATIVE ANALYSIS ONLY Global Membership and Activity Rate by Year Historic and Projected (millions) Source: Cumorah Foundation, LDS Church Almanac, Pew Foundation, Open Stories Analysis

5. "Maybe since Kirtland, we've never had a period of - I'll call it apostasy, like we're having now" Elder Marlin K. Jensen

6. 1.Was offended by someone 2.Desired to sin 3.Never had a testimony to begin with 4.Lazy…or stopped praying and reading the scriptures 5.Studied anti-Mormon literature Top 5 Myths

7. I wasn’t offended by anyone I wasn’t desiring to sin I felt like I had a testimony I was praying and reading the scriptures…as a seminary teacher I was not studying anti-Mormon literature. For me, it started with the CES curriculum In my experience…

8. For me, these allegations felt hurtful They made a very difficult situation even more difficult

9. Approached in 2011 by a retired member of the 3 rd Quorum of the 70 who was troubled himself by some historical issues Was asked to prepare a presentation for him and a member of the 1 st Quorum of the 70 Administered a survey to over 3,000 disaffected Mormons to find out how/why they lost their testimony These data have been presented at LDS church headquarters – at some of the highest levels in the church Background

10. whymormonsquestion.org

11. Over 3,000 respondents “Sample of convenience” / Snowball sample Recruited through liberal and former-LDS web sites, forums, blogs, podcasts, etc. Higher than average income and education Biased towards Caucasian, middle to upper-class, internet connected U.S. church members Survey Sample

12. LEAVING THE CHURCH

13. 1.Was offended 2.Desired to sin Myths #1 and 2

14. OVERALL ISSUES

15. 4% indicated having been offended and/or a desire to engage in behaviors contrary to church teachings

16. This makes more sense after addressing Myths 3 & 4

17. 3.Never had a testimony to begin with 4.Lazy…or stopped praying and reading the scriptures Myths #3 - 4

18. CHURCH INVOLVEMENT - MEN

19. CHURCH INVOLVEMENT - WOMEN

20. “We are losing our best and our brightest.”

21. So what were the most common reasons?

22. Disclaimer – The following issues can be troubling… …but have been reconciled by some

23. Historical issues Scientific issues Doctrinal and theological issues Socio-political and cultural issues Spiritual issues 5 Types of Issues

24. Joseph’s credibility as a translator – Joseph’s history of treasure digging – Use of a “peep stone in a hat” to translate Book of Mormon – Book of Abraham, Kinderhook plates Joseph Smith’s polygamy/polyandry, post-manifesto polygamy Denial of priesthood to blacks/racism Masonic influences in the temple ceremony Multiple accounts of the first vision story Issues with the credibility of the priesthood restoration Blood atonement, Adam/God Mountain Meadows Massacre Historical Issues

25. TRENDING ISSUES

26. MULTIPLE ISSUES

27. Age of the earth (6,000 years?) Adam & Eve Noah’s ark story, global flood Evolution Book of Mormon – Native Americans having Asiatic DNA – Anachronisms (e.g. horses, steel) – Some see it as a fictional work, borrowing heavily from other sources Book of Abraham text not matching the papyrus Scientific Issues

28. Lost belief in God and/or Jesus Lost belief in scriptures as positive, credible, divine, and/or worthwhile Lost belief in the idea of “one true church” Lost belief in the need for exclusive saving ordinances, proxy work for dead Lost faith in Book of Mormon narrative about dark skin as a curse Lost faith in church leaders, prophetic authority and credibility Doctrinal and Theological Issues

29. Unequal or unsatisfactory treatment of women and minorities Church’s stance on homosexuals and same-sex marriage (Proposition 8) Excessive political conservatism Church’s lack of financial transparency, decision to build a mall Culture of control, conformity, anti-intellectual, perfectionism Socio-Political and Cultural Issues

30. TRENDING ISSUES

31. Never received the promised spiritual witness (after multiple sincere attempts) Begin to question or reinterpret past spiritual experiences (e.g. emotions, manipulation) Do not feel spiritually edified at church Feeling burned out, not good enough Feeling bored, uninspired Felt spiritually inspired to leave the church Spiritual Issues

32. OVERALL ISSUES

33. TRENDING ISSUES Historical issues DNA & Book of Mormon Book of Abraham First Vision Treatment of Women Science

34. Studied anti-Mormon literature Myth #5

35. The scriptures themselves – “Could the earth really be 6,000 years old?” (D&C 77:6) – “Why are horses and steel in the Book of Mormon?” – “Is polygamy still God’s new and everlasting covenant?” (D&C 132) Journals of early church leaders Church publications (Times and Seasons, Journal of Discourses, Ensign, Family Search, etc.) Primary Sources

36. “Anti-Mormon Literature” “I never visited "anti-mormon" sites but rather sites maintained by members. With time, I simply could not accept the Church's official position on many historical issues.” Respondent 3074

37. So how does disaffection happen?

40. They go to Google

41. Southpark -- ”About the Mormons”

42. Larry King / Gordon B. Hinckley On Polygamy: “It’s not doctrinal” On God once being a man: “I don’t know much about it. I don’t know that we teach it.”

43. Newsweek “After Smith ordered an antagonistic printing press destroyed …” “By the end of his life, he had accrued some 30 wives, massive debt and hundreds of enemies. ‘I never told you I was perfect,’ he told his followers. “ "Decades of serious and honest scholarship have failed to uncover credible evidence that these Book of Mormon civilizations ever existed," --Southerton

44. PBS Series on “The Mormons”

46. Brigham Young – Journal of Discourses "You see some classes of the human family that are black, uncouth, uncomely, disagreeable and low in their habits, wild, and seemingly deprived of nearly all the blessings of the intelligence that is generally bestowed upon mankind. …the Lord put a mark upon him, which is the flat nose and black skin. Trace mankind down to after the flood, and then another curse is pronounced upon the same race — that they should be the 'servant of servants;' and they will be, until that curse is removed; and the Abolitionists cannot help it, nor in the least alter that decree" --Brigham Young JOD v. 7 p. 290 "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. This will always be so" --Brigham Young JOD vol. 10, p. 109

47. Written by David O. McKay’s Neice

50. FAIRLDS.org

51. 1.They legitimize the problems (unavoidable) 2.They introduce additional problems (unavoidable) 3.Many find their answers to be ultimately unsatisfying (unsure if this is avoidable) 4.Many also find their tone and tactics to be un- Christlike (definitely avoidable) A few problems with FAIR

52. “…it was the apologetic attempts on FAIRLDS that helped convince [me] that the Church doesn't have a good explanation for its side.” From respondent 2108: “The biggest factor was the professional apologists. I watched FARMS and FAIR apologists treat people horribly. For example, [one apologist] used to lurk on the Recovery from Mormonism site so that he could snatch up quotes from the people posting there, in order to humiliate them. This, coupled with the way apologists tend to treat critics (i.e., with ad hominem attack), was the lynchpin. I would encourage him/them to do something about the apologists. I think they are the worst aspect of the current Church.” More on LDS Apologetics

53. From respondent 2122: “Please stop with the apologetic as well. Fair and the Maxwell Institute contributed to my leaving the church.” From respondent 2844: “As I studied Church history and uncovered many controversial historical evidence, I would frequent LDS apologetic sites for answers (e.g. FARMS (now the Maxwell Institute), Shields, FAIR). I soon discovered those sites rarely dealt with the controversial evidences but rather often skirted or obfuscated the issue and frequently resorted to personal attacks on the individuals who were publishing historical information.” More on LDS Apologetics

54. From respondent 1746: “On honesty, stop leaving it to the apologetics. They are terrible and are doing more damage than good to people’s testimonies with their poor answers. For example....Book of Abraham.” From respondent 1865: “Please stop the ridiculous apologetics. Their circular reasoning and logical fallacies do more harm than good.” More on LDS Apologetics

55. “…it was the apologetic attempts on FAIRLDS that helped convince [me] that the Church doesn't have a good explanation for its side.” More on LDS Apologetics

56. “FAIR and their answers have done more to destroy their testimonies than any "anti-Mormon" sources could. For many members, the fact that the LDS Church is officially silent on many of these problems is a testament in itself that the church does not have any answers and are hiding behind unofficial apologists like FAIR for plausible deniability.” More on LDS Apologetics

59. TRANSPARENCY AND BETRAYAL

64. This is a major factor that leads ex- Mormons to call the church a “cult”

67. COSTS OF DOUBT AND DISCLOSURE “Stop hurting marriages by driving a wedge between spouses on this issue. I have gone through hell and back and nearly divorced. We desperately need a General Conference address telling spouses to not divorce an otherwise good spouse over non- belief. I have several friends who have been divorced over primarily this issue, and my own marriage is still on the rocks due to it, even though I am fully active.” Respondent 438, Male

68. COSTS OF DOUBT AND DISCLOSURE “Tell your bishops and leaders to tell their members to NOT divorce their spouse when they leave the LDS church. My husband was advised by his bishop to divorce me. We had 10 children. It was awful. The church that says families are the most important -- you should be ashamed of yourselves.” Respondent 691, Female

69. Listen to them Love them unconditionally Don’t try to re-convert them or call them to repentance Do the work to understand where they are coming from Respect and honor their choices How can we help those who have left?

70. Resources

71. Faithful Books

72. Skeptical Books

73. Classic Books

74. No official church books or website(s) at this time. Hopefully someday soon.

75. FAIRLDS.org

76. MormonThink.com

77. StayLDS.com

78. Mormon Stories, Mormon Expression

79. Mormon Matters and A Thoughtful Faith

80. Mormon Stories Sunday School

81. ByCommonConsent.com

82. FeministMormonHousewives.org

83. johndehlin@gmail.com

84. HISTORICAL ISSUES

85. Bad/BlackGood/White How we’re taught things are/were…. How things really are/were…. Shades and color SimpleComplex Notice the dramatic difference. This “gap” realization is what they are going through “The Gap”

86. How they feel Stunned Betrayed/Lied to “Cover up” Disgusted Angry Their world/church view was this…. And now they realize that it’s really like this

87. Why People Leave the LDS Church, and what family/friends/community can do about it By John P. Dehlin

88. About Me – John P. Dehlin 5 th /6 th generation Mormon –Ezra T. Benson, Samuel Rose Parkinson Lifelong member. Still active. Mission in Guatemala, Arizona Married in Temple Currently serving as Elder’s Quorum Instructor Former early morning seminary instructor

89. Every year, thousands of devout members leave the LDS Church, or go inactive 5 th or 6 th generation Mormons Descendents of prominent church leaders Returned missionaries Married in the temple Families

90. Worldwide Church Activity Rates Inactive 7-8M Active 4-5M Salt Lake Tribune, Merrill Bateman

91. The easy answers…. “Sinners” “Weak” “Stopped going to the temple, or reading scriptures” “Internet” “Anti-Mormon literature” For some this may be true, but for others, the answer is much more complicated….and these assumptions can be highly insulting

92. Why would anyone leave the LDS church? (What are they thinking/feeling? You cannot befriend/reach/help them if you don’t TRULY understand them)

93. Here’s how it happens (This is not to expose you to dangerous things…it’s to bring you to where they are if you intend to help)

94. Some seminal event… Called as seminary or Gospel doctrine teacher Watching some random TV show Some big news event Get a hold of some book or magazine article A close friend or family member Anti-Mormon literature

96. Bad/BlackGood/White How we’re taught things are/were…. How things really are/were…. Shades and color SimpleComplex Notice the dramatic difference. This “gap” realization is what they are going through “The Gap”

97. Their world falls apart

98. An Introduction to the Major Issues

99. 3 Disclaimers: Everything I show you here can be easily substantiated through church publications. None of this is based on “anti-Mormon literature” In no part of this presentation am I blaming the “brethren” or GA’s. I believe most of the issues I show are with general membership, not leadership NONE of what I’m about to show you proves the church is “not true”. Not one thing.

100. What I learned growing up in the Church Joseph Smith –Was a pure, innocent boy –Turned down alcohol in surgery –Saw God and Jesus –Translated the Book of Mormon using the “Urim and Thumim” –Had one wife—Emma –Was falsely accused and persecuted –“Lamb to the slaughter” –Was 2 nd to Jesus in righteousness

101. What the history/facts seem to tell us Aside from all the good we know about Joseph…we also know that…. Joseph used a “magical peep stone” to help people try to find buried treasure (Many sources). This was the reason for some of the early “trials” and court cases involving Joseph (Court records) First vision has multiple, and varied accounts (Pres. Hinckley) The same peep stone mentioned above was used to “translate” the Book of Mormon--stone in a hat, plates not in sight. (Russell M. Nelson) Joseph drank beer and wine as an adult (his own journal) Joseph had 30 wives, some of them married to other men, several teenagers (familysearch.org) Joseph denied polygamy publicly (Oaks) Exposure of polygamy and destruction of printing press led to martyrdom (Oaks)

102. What I learned growing up in the Church Book of Mormon –“Most correct book on earth” –Found in the Hill Cumorah, in NY, where it was buried by Moroni –Is a history of the Native Americans of Central, South, and North America Book of Abraham –Translated from papyrus

103. What the history/facts seem to tell us Aside from all the good in the Book of Mormon Has had over 4,000 changes. Many minor, some major Geography? “Narrow neck”? Which Cumorah? Where is Cumorah? No one knows. Where are the steel swords? Armor? Bones? Horses? Elephants? Steel? Barley? Wheat? 7 day calendar? DNA? 95+% Asiatic Who are the Lamanites? View of the Hebrews Book of Abrham--Experts agree (Nibley included)—is not a translation of the papyrus

104. What I learned growing up in the Church Church Leadership –“Follow the prophet” –The prophet “talks with God” –Words of modern prophets are scripture. “When the brethren have spoken, the discussion ends” –Mormon Doctrine was just that. –LDS General Authorities are among the most righteous people in the world.

105. What the history/facts seem to tell us In spite of having some great leaders, they have not been perfect Brigham Young –Adam-God theory, Blood atonement –Racist teachings Journal of Discourses: Dead Church History: Less than candid Big changes –Polygamy: from everlasting to embarrassment –Blacks: from “never in this life” to “what ban?” “Policy not doctrine” Mormon Doctrine –Massive errors. Elder McConkie censured and punished Paul Dunn, George P. Lee, Richard Lyman Mark Hoffman Abuses –Sexual –Baptismal –Ecclesiastical

106. What I learned growing up in the Church Church Doctrine –Same yesterday, today, and forever –Straight from God to the Prophets Word of Wisdom –Joseph turned down wine, Jesus drank grape juice Temple Ceremony –Direct from God

107. What the history/facts seem to tell us Pres. Hinckley on Larry King: –On men becoming Gods and vice versa: “I don’t know that we teach it. I don’t know that we emphasize it.” –On polygamy “Not doctrinal” Word of Wisdom –Not commandment until early 1900s. Many prophets/apostles drank/used tobacco –Joseph had a bar in his mansion. Drank wine the night before he was murdered. Temple Ceremony –Many direct connections to Masonic lodge –Drastic changes in ceremony from inception to now

108. Again…NONE of this proves the church is false. Much of it has very reasonable explanations. But….think about the gap between what was taught or understood/believed, and what really was/is. It’s HUGE.

109. How they feel Stunned Betrayed/Lied to “Cover up” Disgusted Angry Their world/church view was this…. And now they realize that it’s really like this

110. Once this happens to you… You never look at Joseph Smith the same way again You never look at scripture the same way again You never look at the church the same way again You never think of “authority” the same way again Your concept of God and Jesus and the “one true church” can change dramatically

111. How do We Treat Those Who Leave? Fear Labels – “Anti-Mormon”, “Ex-Mormon”, “Apostate”, “Dangerous”, “Arc-Steadiers” Cease communication Ostracize/Distance Results –Divorce, Dissolution of Family –Loss of community –Job loss

112. What did Jesus Do? Associated with everyone (Publicans, etc.) Defended those that were struggling against the “religious” “Go after the 1….leave the 99” “Go the extra mile. Carry their load” “Turn the other cheek” Listened, loved

113. How to help—What NOT to do Fear Judge Distance/ostracize Make them a project –I/it (object) vs. I/Thou (person) Pressure/“Guilt trip” Try to justify or practice “bad apologetics”

114. How to help—What TO do Validate & acknowledge. Empathize. Unconditional love. Embrace Genuine friendships (regardless of church status) Provide open forums. Listen and learn. Instigate a broader education of membership Try to find callings that will benefit both sides Provide positive role models (Sunstone, Dialogue, FAIR, Bloggernacle, etc.) Ultimately respect free agency (but not as a threat) –Express ultimate desire for their happiness, and decide UP FRONT that this relationship is not tied to their return to church (and mean it)

115. Things for them to Consider Is perfection, or even the lack of major flaws, the measure of affiliation/relationships? –Where is the perfect church? Government? Business? Marriage? Family? –If “lack of major flaws” were the criteria, what relationship would survive? Do we ever have an obligation to help make things better, vs. pack up and leave? There are role models –Sunstone, Dialogue, FAIR, FARMS, Bloggernacle Forget “true”….consider “good” –What will bring you the most joy? Look to the Church as a good place to SERVE You CAN be a Mormon on your own terms –At the core, everyone is

116. And finally… Can people be deeply flawed, and still be inspired by God? (think Jonah, David, Peter, Judas, Lehi, etc.) Can scripture be flawed, and remain inspired by God? (think Old and New Testaments) Can the Church make mistakes, sometimes even very serious ones, and still be inspired of God? Part of maturity, I would argue, is finding out that things aren’t like thought…but deciding not to give up.