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1 Presentation

2 What is an Native American?
What is an American Indian? Self identification? U. S. Government Defined? Tribal Identification

3 Tribal Id - CDIB

4 Census Definition

5 Caddo History Periods Pre History European Contact 1542 1542 - 1685

6 The Caddo Archaeological Area
Pre-History Populaton Estimate of 200,000 people for 77,000 sq miles for estimate of 2.6persons per sq mile

7 “Great Kingdom of the Tejas”
European Contact De Soto’s Routes in 1542 Other Expeditions “Great Kingdom of the Tejas”

8 Kadohadacho Natchitoches Hasinai
Caddo Locations in the 16th and 17th Centuries Indian Territory Southwest Arkansas Audio in Test Folder Production Files Kadohadacho Northwest Louisiana Northeast Texas Natchitoches Hasinai Red River

9 Spanish and French Settlements 1700s

10 Trade in 1700s Guns Horses Fur Salt Maize Bows arrows Oil, Lard
Pottery Tobacco Indigo Ornaments Horses

11 Major Events 1800 to 1836 1803 Louisiana Purchase
Caddo Agency 1804 at Natchitoches Louisiana Statehood in 1812 Pres Jackson Indian Removal Policy 1830 Arkansas Statehood in 1836 Texas Republic in 1836 And a Standing Invitation by Spain/Mexico of Land Grants to Indians and others

12 Other Indian Tribes that Residential Indian Tribes: Wichita, Tonkawa
Moved into Caddo Area Alabama-Coushatta Choctaw Cherokee Delaware Kickapoo Seminole Shawnee Quapaw Residential Indian Tribes: Wichita, Tonkawa

13 Caddo Homelands in the U.S. in 1830’s
Treaty of 1835 Caddo Homelands in the U.S. in 1830’s Arkansas Texas Louisiana Ceded ½ million Acres Hasinai

14 Caddo Locations

15 1500 Square Miles From Tyler to Alto, Tx
Treaty with Texas in 1836 1500 Square Miles From Tyler to Alto, Tx Caddos of the Naches Cherokees Shawanee Delawares Kickapoos Quapaws Choctaws Boluxies Iawanies Alabamas-Cochatties Tahoocattakes Unataquous

16 Known Epidemics in Caddo Area in Texas

17 Caddo Population 1700 - 1780 Population Estimates 1700:
Kadohadacho 3,500 Hasinai ,500 Natchitoches 2,000 Total ,000

18 Brazos Reservation contained 73 square miles
Reservation in West Texas-1854 Brazos Reservation contained 73 square miles Caddos (500) Wichitas Delawares Shawnees Tonkawa *Choctaw Audio Side 9 again file Wichita Falls 30 Miles Brazos Reservation Ft. Worth 90 Miles

19 Caddo Reservation in Oklahoma –Moved from Texas in1859
Canadian River Caddo Reservation Washita River Caddo Reservation in Oklahoma –Moved from Texas in1859 Approximately 500 Caddos in this Group

20 Allotment Era: 1901 Every Caddo was allotted 160 acres
560 Caddo Allotments totaling 90,000 acres Caddo Reservation Opened to Public by Lottery Drawing Current Population in 2012: Caddo Enrolled Tribal Members now total some 4,500 persons.

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