1. Universal Breakfast

2. What is Universal Breakfast? Breakfast is available at no cost to all students, regardless of their household income. An accurate meal count must be taken at the point of service.

3. What is Universal Breakfast? Meals are counted and claimed for federal reimbursement according to correct income category- free, reduced or paid eligibility status. If operational costs exceed revenue, then the school district must make up the difference to the school’s non-profit food service account from non-federal sources.

4. Why Universal Breakfast? Universal Breakfast dramatically increases student participation. Universal Breakfast improves student achievement, diets, and behavior.

5. Where Does Universal Breakfast Work Best? In schools with greater than 70% of students eligible for free and reduced price meals. Schools with fewer eligible students have operated the program successfully. Individual circumstances should be evaluated.

6. Factors Contributing to Success of Universal Breakfast: Reduces stigma Support of school personnel Flexibility Offer appealing choices Reduction in competition

7. Universal Breakfast & Serving Methods Traditional breakfast in the cafeteria In the classroom during school hours Grab n’ Go from a central location Mid-morning, after 1 st period Menus depend on the serving style

8. Classroom Component Enhances Success Serving Universal Breakfast in the classroom enhances breakfast success. Baltimore City: A school that switched to Universal Breakfast in the cafeteria increased participation 5%. A school that offered Universal Breakfast in the classroom saw participation rate triple.

9. Increases Student Breakfast Participation Removes stigma Increased revenue and economies of scale USDA Universal Free School Breakfast Program Pilot Project showed: Paid-eligible participation increased fourfold Free and reduced price eligible participation doubled

10. Financial Benefits of an Effective Breakfast Program By maximizing breakfast participation food service directors receive: The greatest amount of federal reimbursement and student payments. Greater cafeteria staff efficiency resulting in more meals per labor hour.

11. Financial Benefits of Increasing School Breakfast Participation Provides additional revenue stream to the school district Creates or expands jobs Increases overall financial stability of foodservice Brings money into the local economy

12. Labor Costs Universal Breakfast can potentially lower labor costs: No longer collect money Speeds-up service Participation rises increasing # meals/labor hour while decreasing labor cost/meal

13. Determining Labor Needs Location Service method Menu selections Participation levels Training/skills of personnel

14. Profit and Loss Worksheet Free studentsReduced studentsPaid students Number Federal Aid State Aid* Aid Per Day Total Aid (176 days/year) Total Revenue Expense Per Meal Expense Per Day Total Expense (year) Total Expenses Profit/Loss

15. Minimum Participation Break-Even Sample Calculations Step One: Calculating Per Meal Cost Without Labor FoodSuppliesPurchased Services OtherPer Meal Cost Without Labor $0.47+ $0.03+ $0.06+ $0.04= $0.60

16. Minimum Participation Break-Even Sample Calculations Step Two: Calculating Per Meal Income Without Labor Revenue Per meal Per Meal Cost Without Labor Revenue per Meal Without Labor $1.40- $0.80= $0.60

17. Minimum Participation Break-Even Sample Calculations Step Three: Minimum Amount of Labor Needed Minimum HoursLabor Cost Per Hour Minimum Labor Cost 2X $13.65 = $27.03

18. Minimum Participation Break-Even Sample Calculations Step Four: Minimum Amount of Participation Minimum Labor Cost Revenue Per Meal Number of Meals to Break Even $27.03$0.60 45

19. School Breakfast Program Cost/Benefit Analysis Access through USDA School Breakfast Toolkit www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Breakfast

20. Phasing in Universal Breakfast Eliminate reduced price breakfast: Students qualifying for reduced price meals receive their breakfast for free, while full priced students continue to pay. Federal reimbursements may be enough to offset the cost due to increased participation. Note: District must pay the difference for all breakfasts distributed to reduced-priced eligible and paid students.

21. Conclusion Many schools are implementing strategies to increase student participation in School Breakfast Programs. One proven way to increase school breakfast participation is through Universal Breakfast.

22. Email Questions to: MDE-SchoolNutrition@michigan.gov Universal Breakfast