1.  Deborah Ohiani-Jegede Partners: Nkele Davis and Nick Xydis Group 24, Client :Brad Clay, bio Merieux

2.  Biofilms are an aggregate of microorganism where cells are stuck to each other and/or a surface  Can form contact lens cases due to improper cleaning/user non- compliance  Contact lens contamination can lead to microbial keratitis, conjunctivitis, staphylococci which may require surgery

3.  Usability  Within 3” x 5”  Weight: < 5 lb  Operating time: < 1 hours  Visual timer display  Set up Time: < 30 seconds  Sound during application: < 40 dB  Autonomous system, turns on and off automatically  Waterproof  Economics  Cost: < $200 (prescribed by doctor)  Power Draw: <.25kWhr per application  Effectiveness  95% biofilm destruction  biofilm growth prevention  No damage to lens case and lens  Durability  meets all other specification requirements after 5 years

4. Choose Disinfection Technology Disinfection Technologies  Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions  Heat Treatment  Pulsed Electric Field  Ultraviolet Radiation  Sonication  Atmospheric Pressure Room- Temperature Plasmas Construct Final Product Design

5.  UV-C radiation (100-280nm) effectively stunts biofilm growth  Penetrates bacteria to nucleus to irreversibly damage the DNA  254nm breaks molecular bonds of microsomal DNA

6.  High frequency shaking (sonication) can disrupt biofilm by breaking up extracellular matrix and dislodging from surface  Coupled with another method, could potentially make disinfecting more effective  Sonication at 40kHz for 5minutes had success in previous literature

7.  Apply high voltage between dielectric electrodes to ionize surrounding air  Reactive oxygen species (O 3, H 2 0 2, O 2, OH - ) destroys biofilms via oxidation  “Plasma needle” – high voltage to metal wire to ionize surrounding air

8.  Tested UV radiation, UV + Sonication, Cold Plasmas  Staph epidermidis - test bacteria o Common microbe on contact lens and contact lens cases o Biofilm forming strain chosen o Diluted bacteria to 1McFarland (3e8 bacteria/mL)  Testing on polystyrene coverslips o Common plastic in contact lens manufacturing

9.  UV-C radiation at 254nm produced using MaxLamp FIlter  Three five-minute treatments biofilm on coverslip  Streaked samples on agar plates in between trials  Plates grown overnight in incubator at 36°C

10.  Extremely effective in destroying biofilms  Solution added to coverslip to prevent drying/warping

11.  Prepared coverslip, placed in ultrasonic cleaner, and weighted down with bottle  Treated for 5 minutes at 40kHz, then with 5 min UV  Cycle repeated 3 times total  Swab and plate samples after each treatment  Plates grown overnight in incubator at 36°C

13.  Small hole bored into petri dish cover contain plasma  Generator at 30kV  Three five-minute treatments of plasma  Swab and plate samples after each treatment  Plates grown overnight in incubator at 36°C

16. WeightUltraviolet Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation + Sonication Cold Plasma Efficacy5533 Safety4443 Durability4433 Cost3324 Speed of Use2543 TOTAL 7657

17. Motor engine to sonicate UV+Sonication Plasma

18.  Deep UV light  Single Button  Timer Display  Safety Interlock  Door sensors  LED Light  Minimal light intensity of 30 microWatts/cm 2  30-minute application  Side Panel Access Door

19.  Nkele o Sonication and Mechanical Turbulence Expert o Lead Ergonomics Designer  Deborah o UV Treatment and Biofilm Growth Expert o Lead Mechanical Designer  Nick o Plasma and Electric-Field Treatment Expert o Lead Electrical Designer

20.  November o 2nd - Optimizing Physical Design o 4th - Performing UV Wavelength Testing o 5th - Continued Wavelength Testing o 6th - Ensuring Optimal UV Application Technique o 7th - Evaluation of Experimental Results o 8th - Meet with Manufacturing o 10th - Computer Model of Design o 13th - Brainstorming compatible materials o 15th - Creating official List of Materials o 16th - Design Verification o 22nd - Final Paper Draft o 28th - Thanksgiving o 29th - Final Paper Revision  December o 2nd - Final Presentation o 4th - Final Report Due o 5th - Celebratory Retreat

21. Questions?