1. 1952-1960

2.  The following flashcards are characterized as follows  = People  = Congressional Acts/Executive Orders/Plans/Doctrines/Policy  = Concepts  = Supreme Court Cases  = Organization/Group  = Important Event

3. -Born Denison TX 1890, grew up Abilene Kansas, West Point, Directed North Africa & Western Europe invasions, 34 th President 1953-1961; 8 millionaires & 1 plumber; reduce gov size, slash budget, promote hydroelectric & nuclear, turn over oil tidelands to states; image of passivity, truly ruthless; delegated authority, “reigned but did not rule,” defeated Democrat Adlai Stevenson Dwight Eisenhower

4. -Union leader who headed the Labor Department; later resigned; the plumber in Eisenhower’s cabinet Martin Durkin

5. -Head of Council of Economic Advisers, only gov official other than secretary of state with weekly Ike appointments Arthur Burns

6. -Young conservative, recent Yale graduate, founded National Review 1955 & Christian Anti- Communist Crusade William F. Buckley Jr.

7. -1953 Chief Justice, defended rights of persons accused of subversive beliefs, faced wrath of conservatives, Jencks v. United States, Yates v. United States, Brown v. Board Education of Topeka, Plessy v. Ferguson Earl Warren

8. -Arkansas Governor, mobilize state’s National Guard to bar nine African Americans from entering Little Rock Central High School, claimed not good time; shut down Little Rock’s public high schools for 2 years Orval E. Faubus

9. -Eisenhower’s secretary of state, “Dull, Duller, Dulles” holy war vs. atheism, unleash Jiang Jieshi, brinkmanship-never back down, pactomania-43 nations John Foster Dulles

10. -Commander of CIA, OSS cloak- and-dagger operations veteran, brother of secretary of state Allen Dulles

11. -Anticommunist, 1953 CIA helps him become president of the Philippines Ramon Magaysay

12. -Anti-communist catholic, CIA installs him as president of South Vietnam, secret police/armed forces, block 1956 election to reunify Vietnam, mediator between ppl & heaven, alienated Buddhists, no land or corruption reforms Ngo Dinh Diem

13. -1954 leader of Egypt, purchased arms from Czechoslovakia, recognized People’s Republic of China (US withdraws financing for Aswan dam), nationalized Britain’s Suez Canal Gamal Abdel Nasser

14. -1959 overturned dictatorial regime in Cuba, confiscated American properties without compensation; 1 st secretary of Cuban Communist Party http://americanhistory.abc- clio.com/Search/Display/1688491?terms= Fidel+Castro Fidel Castro

15. -Economist, 1958 published The Affluent Society, study of postwar America, GNP increased 50%, demand consumer goods John Kenneth Galbraith

16. -Sociologist, 1950 The Lonely Crowd, new company people eager to follow peers not act independently David Riesman

17. -1962 Silent Spring, revealed fertilizers/herbicides/pesticides poisoned environment, former researcher for Fish & Wildlife Service, dramatized problems of insecticide DDT in food chain, death of songbirds; led many states to ban Rachel Carson

18. -1946 Common Sense Book of Baby & Child Care, urge mothers not to work outside home, warm atmosphere, breast-feeding, more discussions less spanking, only Bible outsells Dr. Benjamin Spock

19. -Evangelist, religious salvation, aggressive anticommunism, supported McCarthyism, backed GOP demands to unleash Jiang’s troops, lash out at homosexuals & working wives Billy Graham

20. - The Other America: Poverty in the United States (1962), poor cycle deprivation, can’t afford doctors, drop out school Michael Harrington

21. -Officer of Montgomery NAACP, Dec. 1, 1955, refused to get up so white man could sit on bus, sparked organized boycott Rosa Parks

22. -1956, Over 100 congress members denounce Brown as abuse of judicial power, resorted to violence & economic reprisals; 1956 no black in school with whites in Deep South, few Upper Southern Manifesto

23. -1 st since Reconstruction, established a permanent commission on civil rights with broad investigatory powers, yet did not guarantee ballot to blacks; did not employ federal official to register African Americans to vote; under Eisenhower Civil Rights Act of 1957

24. -Slightly strengthened provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1957; did not employ federal official to register African Americans to vote; under Eisenhower Civil Rights Act of 1960

25. -Eisenhower proposes, both US & Soviets contribute fissionable materials to new UN agency for use in industrial projects; no Soviet response Atoms for Peace Plan

26. -Proclamation that the US would send military aid and troops to any Middle Eastern nation threatened by Communist aggression; ex. 14,000 marines quell Muslim revolt in Lebanon The Eisenhower Doctrine

27. -Provided Native Americans with moving costs, assistance in finding houses and jobs, living expenses until obtained work; part of termination of treaty relationships Voluntary Relocation Program

28. -1958, passed after Sputnik, provided loans to students, teacher training funds, $ for instructional materials in sciences, math, languages National Defense Education Act

29. -Modern Republicanism; went along with Congress; extend social security 10 million, raise minimum wage, unemployment benefits, public housing to low income, Department of Health, Education & Welfare, St. Lawrence Seaway, freeways Dynamic Conservatism

30. -Radical right, Barry Goldwater, George Wallace, Ronald Reagan, criticized creeping socialism of Eisenhower, advocate traditional morals, condemn liberal Supreme Court New Conservatives

31. -Permitted school boards to assign black and white children to different schools; Southern attempt to resist Brown decision, also deny state aid to desegregated schools Pupil- Placement Laws

32. -Rocky Mountain fortress where military crews scanned radar & satellite signals for signs of Soviet attack, 25 ton blast doors Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center

33. -1955 Eisenhower & Soviets meet, 1 st East-West summit since WWII, talk of peaceful coexistence; no specific plan; Moscow suspended further atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons 1958, US does same Spirit of Geneva

34. -Defense program, more bang for buck, emphasize nuclear, reduce conventional forces, spurred soviets seek more rubble for the ruble; Republicans “New Look”

35. -112,000 sq. ft. bunker 700 ft beneath Greenbrier resort in West Virginia; dormitories, restaurant, clinic, decontamination showers, legislative chambers Greenbrier Bunker

36. -1957 half personnel, 80% budget, foreign leaders on payroll, supporting political parties, subsidizing federal newspapers & labor unions CIA Covert Action

37. -intellectual conferences, jazz concerts, film rights Orwell’s 1984 & Animal Farm, subsidize Encounter magazine, college students CIA Appeals to Thinkers to avoid Communism

38. -Eisenhower warns that if Vietnam falls to Communists, then Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, & all of Asia would fall like dominos Domino Theory

39. -Began with opening of Stanford Industrial Park 1951, apricot and cherry orchards gave way to industrial parks, Fairchild Semiconductor & Hewlett-Packard, traffic congestion, housing developments, smog, similar along Boston's Route 128 Silicon Valley

40. -Replaced capitalists, rewarded in careers for “fitting in,” conformity and teamwork not creativity and individuality; David Riesman Executives

41. -76 million Americans born between 1946 & 1964, home construction, college enrollments, reinforce women at home Baby Boom Generation

42. -College students conservative, conformist, careerist, seek security above all, well-rounded The Silent Generation

43. -Ownership soars to 9/10 homes by 1960, more than bathrooms, ABC/CBS/NBC gobble TV stations, sell advertising, TV Guide outsells other periodicals, TV dinner, Davy Crockett; McCarthy, Nixon’s “Checkers” speech, Kennedy; more national culture Television

44. -By 1949, few units called for in the Housing Act had been built; 320,000 later constructed, urban removal of poor and colored, razed low-income, ex. Chavez Ravine for Dodger Stadium Slum Clearance

45. -Located in New York, by 1960 had larger Puerto Rican population than in San Juan; 1 million El Barrio

46. -Alan Freed starts craze in NY, Bill Haley, Rock Around the Clock, Elvis Presley; Dick Clark’s American Bandstand decade’s biggest TV hit, after 1955 The Blackboard Jungle parents see as devil music Rock and Roll

47. -1957 Supreme Court rules accused has right to inspect government files used by the prosecution Jencks v. United States

48. -1957 Justices overturn convictions of Communist party officials under Smith Act, difference between unlawful concrete acts & teaching revolutionary ideology; ended further prosecution of communists Yates v. United States

49. -1954, declared segregation of public education unconstitutional, feelings of inferiority in status, violate = protection clause of 14 th amendment, inherently unequal, combined lawsuits of 4 states and District of Columbia; Citizens Councils & KKK declare void Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

50. -Grass-root network, struggles vs. taxes, gun control, sex education in schools; denounced Eisenhower as agent of communist conspiracy, liberality = treason John Birch Society

51. -Created in 1954, military alliance patterned on NATO, implemented provisions of the Manila Pact & the Pacific Charter http://americanhistory.abc- clio.com/Search/Display/253587?terms=southeast +asia+treaty+organization Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

52. -1960 Insurgency backed by North Vietnam, opposed Diem, soon controlled half of South Vietnam National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam

53. -1975 Formed by Martin Luther King Jr. & colored ministers, nonviolent crusades against 2 nd class citizenship, depend on domestics instead of leaders Southern Christian Leadership Conference

54. -Nonconformist writers, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, scorn materialism, romanticize outcasts, spontaneity Beats

55. -1944 Developed by International Business Machines & Harvard, computer, decipher axis codes, 500 miles wiring Mark I

56. -1 st electronic computer, developed by US army to improve artillery accuracy, insects attracted to heat/light, reduce processing time, operating instructions ENIAC

57. -Eisenhower asks Congress $40 billion for 41,000 mile project, 90% financed by taxes, everybody except inner-city poor benefits, largest/most expensive public works scheme in American history, single project, superhighways, speed movement ppl/goods, tourism, construction, suburban, homogenize nation, railroads decline, urban decay, bulldozed minority Interstate Highway System

58. -Accused army of harboring communist spies when aide no draft deferment, 1954 televised senate investigation, senate votes to censure; Loyalty Day 1955, teacher oaths, fund HUAC Decline of McCarthy

59. -Sept. 1957, Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus prevent 9 African Americans from entering Little Rock Central High School; Eisenhower sees as national security liability; federalized Arkansas National Guard, 1 st time since Reconstruction dispatch federal troops to protect blacks’ rights; strengthened determination of African Americans for desegregation Little Rock Incident

60. -After no Soviet response to Atoms for Peace Plan, across Aleutians & Alaska, 24 hr electronic defense system, alert of over the pole invasion Distant Early Warning Line

61. -1953 CIA’s orchestrated coup to overthrow Iranian government; replace prime minister with Shah Reza Pahlavi; fear old pm might open oil fields to Soviets Operation Ajax

62. -1954 CIA mercenaries overthrow Jacobo Guzman’s elected government in Guatemala; he had nationalized & redistributed United Fruit Company land Operation Pbsuccess

63. -Nasser nationalizes British-owned Suez Canal, Britain-France-Israel prepare attack 1956, Eisenhower forces withdrawal; swelled anti-western sentiment, US protector of western interests in Middle East, Eisenhower doctrine The Suez Crisis

64. -April 1955 announcement, effective against poliomyelitis, afflicted drops to 5700 in 1958, raised American life expectancy Salk & Sabin Vaccines

65. -1953-1955 Under Eisenhower, deported 3 million undocumented immigrants, many Mexicans continued to cross border, (bracero program peaked in 1959) Operation Wetback

66. -Soviet Union launches 1 st artificial satellite (Little Traveler), dashed American myth of tech superiority, missile gap, Sputnik II with dog, Flopnik, led to NASA & National Defense Education Act; $1.5 education spending, 3.6 million students Sputnik