1. Nixon and Vietnam Henry Kissinger- Nixon’s National Security advisor Vietnamization: Gradual withdraw of U.S. troops = increased efforts of the South Vietnamese to fight the war. Continued to bomb N.Vietnam as well as Laos & Cambodia

2. Nixon & Foreign Policy New Federalism- Distribute a portion of Fed. power to state and local Gov. Détente: easing Cold War tensions Nixon opened foreign policy with China and Soviet Union by visiting them

3. Nixon’s Puppets Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) –Illegally wiretapped Democratic Party @ Watergate Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) –Investigated & compiled documents on Nixon’s opposition Internal Revenue Service (IRS) –Tax audits of antiwar and civil rights activists.

4. Watergate: The President’s Men H.R. Haldeman: Chief of Staff John Ehrlichman: Chief Domestic Adv. John Mitchell: Attorney General John W. Dean III: Presidential Counsel

5. Watergate Spying on the Democratic National Party Cover-up in destroying all evidence of the break-in Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post –Received little American interest.

6. Watergate Senate investigation Nixon dismissed his “inner circle” John Dean testified that Nixon was “heavily involved in the cover- up” Presidential aide Alexander Butterfield: Nixon taped all conversations –T–Tapes were key in revealing what Nixon actually knew

7. Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned –Nixon appointed House Minority Leader Gerald Ford as the V.P. House Judiciary Committee began looking into impeachment Nixon agreed to release “edited tapes” –Court wanted unedited tapes = Nixon refused –Court had enough evidence for impeachment Tapes finally released on Aug. 5, 1974 / Nixon resigned Aug. 8 th

13. Gerald Ford President Nixon resigned, then Vice President Spirow Agnew resigned. Pardoned Nixon: cost him public support Continued discussions with the Soviet Union –Helsinki Accords: Ford acknowledges Soviet dominance over Eastern Europe South Vietnam surrendered to the North in 1975 Communist take-over of Cambodia

14. Jimmy Carter Environmentalist –presented more than 100 energy conservation measures to Congress –oil, gas, and automobile states blocked Human Rights-Freedoms and liberties guide politics –Moral principles as a guide for US foreign policy –Carter cuts off foreign US support to countries who tortured their own citizens Brazil and Argentine –Détente breakdown

15. Jimmy Carter Pardon of draft evaders –Unconditional pardons of Vietnam deserters Camp David Accords- Israel/Egypt –Carter calmed the tension between Egypt & Israel. Won Nobel Peace Prize.

16. Middle East Flash Back! Post WWI--Ottoman Empire collapsed –Foreigners controlled region Muslim Islamic Religion –Shia-Ali is rightful heir to Mohammad (founder) –Sunni-Mohammad died without declaring a successor (majority)

18. Jews vs. Arabs Post WWII-95% of misplaced European Jews wanted to migrate to Palestine (Present day Israel) –Palestine controlled by Great Britain –Jews launch guerilla warfare on Brits in Palestine/Brits leave United Nations creates Jewish state within Palestine –Truman & Stalin recognize new state of Israel Arab League (1945)--Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan, and Yemen –Refuse to accept Israel –British arm Arabs against Israel

19. Israel Imperializes

22. Israel and Egypt Conflict Suez Canal---Fr. And Brits own canal Egypt wants to nationalize canal Fr., Brits, and Israel team up and attack Egypt US (Carter) steps in and negotiates peace –Israel would leave Sanai Peninsula –Egypt would recognize Israel

23. Middle East Flash Back! Iran –89% Persian Country (Not Arab) –Shia Muslim Region –Post WWII-Iran aligns with US –Shah-King (pro-US) –US gives military aid and mo mo mo –Iran gave US oil=US corporations foothold Early 1950s-Prime Minister Mohammad Mosadegh is elected populist PM 1953 Coup- –Wants to nationalize oil-US is unhappy

24. US and Iran Ayatollah Khomeini –Muslim leader in Iran that led rebels to overthrow the shah, & follow strict obedience of Qur’an- Islam’s holy book. Argo Clip- News Clip- Causes Breakdown- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6RGe qNFaQM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8bC1 DEYbI4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7RaU QqP_E8

25. Jimmy Carter Iran Hostage Crisis –Diplomatic Crisis –Iranian revolution supporters took US embassy hostage in Tehran 52 Am. Held hostage for 444 days –US held the Shah of Iran Revolutionaries wanted him back to put him on trial for crimes he committed against Iranians –Carter failed at release negotiations Proved that Carter didn’t have enough experience in dealing with foreign policy. http://youtu.be/Q_AHJ QiMxIw

26. Frontline: Showdown with Iran http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/s howdown/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/s howdown/

27. Ronald Reagan FDR was Reagan’s idol –Reagan reduced welfare, fought affirmative action programs. Big government was bad. Military = good Purpose of foreign policy = defeat communism Slash taxes $$ to freedom fighters in 3 rd world countries fighting communism 41% increase in defense spending Pledged to build 17,000 new nukes

28. Reagan: Iran Contra Spring 1985 Israel give Iran American weapons in exchange for American hostages in Lebanon –U.S. would then resupply Israel –***Trading weapons for hostages NSC Staffer: Oliver North

29. Reaganomics- strategy to give federal money to big business in hopes that it would trickle down to society. Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)- a strategy Reagan wanted to develop to keep Americans safe from enemy missiles.

30. Ronald Reagan “Just Say No”- Advertising Campaign to discourage kids from recreational drugs AIDS-disease of human immune system Sandra Day O’Connor- first woman appointed into Supreme Court. http://youtu.be/9Ih4tBBiPTc http://youtu.be/60pAYxVdl04 http://youtu.be/qyXFN4ocN_o

31. Russian Relations Mikhail Gorbachev: Soviet President –Wanted to greatly improve Soviet relations w/the rest of the world –Transform the economy –Glasnost- Openness –Perestrokia- gov. restructuring INF Treaty: Agreement that the U.S. and Soviets would destroy 4% of their nuclear arsenal –1 st time ever that a treaty of this magnitude has been put into place –Allowed monitoring of the destruction of the nukes Not a Reagan victory but a gift by Gorbachev

32. Collapse of the Soviet Union Fall of the Berlin Wall

33. Communism Continues in China Economic reform in early 80s Gov’t loosened grip small businesses and price control Students demanded freedom of speech April 1989-Tiananmen Square –Student pro-democracy movement demonstration in Beijing –Premier Li Peng ordered military to slaughter protesters Totalitarianism- Poltical system, gov’t has total control

34. US as a World Power Unit 9 http://youtu.be/DhFR_TRNdbI

35. George H. Bush Bush built on Reagan’s legacy and promised “Read my lips: no new taxes” in his acceptance speech at the Republican Convention.

36. George H. Bush Persian Gulf War –1980s, Iran/Iraq War –Saddam Hussein- Iraqi dictator Huge war debt Claims oil-rich nation of Kuwait –Aug. 2, 1990-Iraq invades Kuwait –Iraq wants Saudi Arabia too Would control ½ of worlds oil fields

37. George H. Bush Operation Desert Storm –Bush organized international coalition against Iraq aggression –Congress and UN support –Norman Schwarzkopf- commander in chief during Desert Storms.

38. George H. Bush January 16, 1991- Massive air assault February 23, 1991- Ground assault Feb. 28, 1991-Bush announces Cease-fire Kuwait was liberated & Operation Desert Storm was over http://youtu.be/l2TQ8a4LK3A

39. George H. Bush Bush was 89% popular after Gulf War in 1991 Nation hit recession and Bush’s approval rating dropped to 40% Bush had no clear strategy to end recession and creating jobs

40. Bill Clinton Democrat H. Ross Perot-3 rd party candidate; TX billionaire –Federal budget deficit #1 problem Clinton wins-b/c moderate & plan to strengthen nation’s weak economy http://youtu.be/i_1oZCdWo4w

41. Bill Clinton Domestic Front –Health Care Reform: Hillary Clinton-1 st lady –Reduced Federal deficit Why? = booming economy –Reformed welfare –NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement Adds Mexico to free trade zone with US and Canada Strengthens all 3 economies Cons-American jobs go to Mexico where wages are lower –Contract w/America Drafted by Newt Gingrich-Republican Congressman who hated Clinton 10 Promises Rep. gave to win control of Congress 1994- Voters gave Rep. control Clinton clashes with Rep. controlled Congress Clinton caught lying under oath about affair with White House Intern Impeached but served the rest of his term.

42. Advanced Technology Group Activity Brainstorm inventions that could improve our society. __________________________________ Design it-What does it look like? How much?—Cost, public or private? Purpose- What social problem does your invention solve? What affect or impact will your invention have on society?—Could it lead to other forms of advanced society? http://youtu.be/Kg4nHNQrKrshttp://youtu.be/uQ1MquE-skg

43. 1990s Technology Boom High-Tech Industries take over –NASDAQ-National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System Technology-dominated stock index on Wall Street –Bill Gates-Microsoft –Dotcoms-high-tech business nickname –1990s, Internet-international network instant text, images & sound –Telecommute-work out of home office

44. Genetic Engineering- artificial changing of molecular biology of organisms cells to alter an organism Entertainment Engineering http://youtu.be/ppILwXwsMng http://youtu.be/1wK1Ixr-UmM

45. Economic/Cultural Imperialism Globalization-Intnt’l integration –Interchange of world views, products, ideas –Advances in Transportation & telecommunications European Union-Eco. & political union –EU goals: Free movement of people, goods and services

46. Crime and Terrorism 1993- Waco, Texas Stand off Religious group suspected of weapons violations 51 day standoff with FBI Fire broke out killing 76 men, women, and children 6 FBI agents were killed 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing Domestic terrorist bomb attack on federal building 168 people died from blast Gulf War Veteran, Timothy McVeigh found guilty and sentenced to death Motivated by 1993 Waco Siege Timed attack to coincide with Waco anniversary http://youtu.be/qPIADtCY9f8

47. Crime and Terrorism 1993 World Trade Center Bombing –Truck Bomb –Terrorists demanding US end aid and relations with Israel 1999-Columbine HS, Colorado –2 senior students murdered 12 students and 1 teacher, and then shot themselves –Motivation: wanted to rival the Oklahoma City Bombing –Sparked debate over Gun Laws, bullying in schools, and influence of violent video games –Increased school security

48. George W. Bush 2000 Presidential Race –Democrat Al Gore- Clinton’s VP –Republican George W. Bush- Gov. of TX Election Confusion –Recount in Florida-faulty counting machines –Supreme Court stops recount Bush Wins

49. George W. Bush Sept. 11, 2001- Terrorist Attacks –Hijacked commercial jets struck twin towers of World Trade Center in NYC-Symbol of American finance –Pentagon hit –3000 killed

50. Islamic Fundamentalism- Militant ideology demanding political action –Goal: Revive theoretical relevance of Islam in the modern world –Theory and praxis go hand in hand Al Qaeda- militant Islamist organization –Founded by Osama bin Laden –Suicide attacks, simultaneous bombings of different targets –Members-Training camps Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq or Sudan

51. George W. Bush Response to 9/11 attacks Patriot Act: - Domestic security against terrorism -Surveillance procedures -Anti-money-laundering to prevent terrorism -Border security -Victims of terrorism -Terrorism Criminal Law -Improved Intelligence

52. George W. Bush 2001 Invasion of Afghanistan –US/NATO Goal: 1. Dismantle al Qaeda 2. Remove Taliban from political power –Taliban- Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan Islamic Strict Islamic Law Brutal treatment of women Aided al Qaeda –Oct. 7, 2001-US & UK launched Operation Enduring Freedom Drove Taliban from power Built military bases in major cities –May 2011- Osama bin Laden found and killed –3 weeks later, NATO plans exit strategy

53. Afghanistan War Today –Resurgences-2008, reported Taliban rebuilds Suicide bombings increase by the Taliban –Taliban and allies responsible for Afghan Civilian Causalities 2010-75% / 2011-80% / 2012-80% –Drug Trade Funds War Taliban controlled 96% of Afghan’s poppy fields; Opium= largest source of revenue –2014: Withdrawal continues and the insurgency increases

54. Weapons of Mass Destruction and the 2003 Invasion of Iraq Iraqi President Saddam Hussein believed to have weapons of mass destruction that threatened world peace. President Bush invades Iraq in 2003 to search

55. National Disasters 2005, Hurricane Katrina- Deadliest and costliest disaster in US history 1,833 ppl died in New Orleans Bush Adm. raised $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction Criticism of government response –Local govt responsible for 1 st response –Fed govt steps in when locals exhausted all resources –Bush Admin didn’t step in until it was too late. »Government delayed response to flooding of New Orleans

56. The Great Recession –2007 Housing Market collapsed Home values had been going up and up, then bubble burst Millions of homeowners stopped paying their mortgage loans Banks stopped lending money Unemployment rate started rising –George W. Bush’s administration response Government rescued businesses that were “too big to fail” –Loan to banks, automakers, and companies

57. 2008 Presidential Election –Republican John McCain- 72 yr. old Vietnam navy pilot Captured and tortured for 5 years in POW camp –Democratic choices: 1. Hillary Clinton-Twice elected senator from NY –Would be 1 st woman president 2. Barack Obama-Senator from Illinois –Would be 1 st black president Democrats chose Barack Obama

58. Barack Obama Response to Great Recession  Economic stimulus o American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 o Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 o ‘Obamacare’ Domestic Relations  2010-Republicans regained control of House of Representatives  2011-Budget Control Act  2012-American Taxpayer Relief Act

59. Polarization Modern Elections and Polarization  Polarization--Political attitudes to ideological extremes  1992-3 rd party candidates o Ex. H. Ross Perot v. Clinton  2000-Electoral v. Popular vote o Ex. Al Gore v. George Bush  2008-Great Recession –Ex. Barack Obama’s Left view on strengthening the economy