1. Exchanges of Knowledges: implementation with community for community Workshop facilitated by Peter Levesque Annual NICE Knowledge Exchange 2010 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario June 28 & 29, 2010

2. www.knowledgemobilization.net2 Agenda Introductions Part 1: community based participatory research Part 2: fundamentals of knowledge exchange and mobilization Part 3: conversations and their component parts Part 4: managing the value chain Part 5: ethics and empathy as equal partners with logic and technique Summary and discussion

3. www.knowledgemobilization.net3 Introductions In 10 Seconds: 1.Your Name 2.Your Organization 3.Your Position Example: 1.Peter Levesque 2.Knowledge Mobilization Works 3.Director

4. www.knowledgemobilization.net4 Part 1: Community based participatory research Definition(s) Community Social Action Community Building Community Assessment Understanding Coalitions Using the Arts Internet

5. www.knowledgemobilization.net5 Definition(s) Community based participatory research Roots in 3 fields: –Popular education –International development –Shop floor democracy Also known as: –Participatory action research –Community-university research –Action research –Community organizing –Asset based community development Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative approach to research that combines methods of inquiry with community capacity-building strategies to bridge the gap between knowledge produced through research and what is practiced in communities to improve health. Interest is growing rapidly for academic institutions, health agencies, and communities to form research partnerships; few agreed-upon guidelines describe how to develop or evaluate CBPR proposals or what resources are required to promote successful collaborative research efforts. http://ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/cbpr/cbpr.pdf

6. www.knowledgemobilization.net6 Community Community is typically seen in geographic terms Can be based on shared interests or characteristics (ethnicity, sexual orientation, occupation) [Fellin 2001] Community defined as: 1.Functional spatial units that meet basic needs for sustenance 2.Units of patterned social interaction 3.Symbolic units of collective identity [Hunter 1975] 4.People coming together to act politically and make changes [Eng and Parker 1994]

7. www.knowledgemobilization.net7 Social Action Classic social action is grassroots based, conflict oriented, with a focus on direct action, and geared to organizing the disadvantaged or aggrieved to take action on their own behalf [Fisher 2005]

8. www.knowledgemobilization.net8 Community Building Community building practice seeks to engage multiple dimensions of community, recognizing the range of perspectives and relationships that exist and integrating diverse strategies and methods of practice. [Walter 2005]

9. www.knowledgemobilization.net9 Community Assessment Why do community assessment? –Measure, describe and understand community lifestyles –Assess community resources to lessen external dependency –Return needs assessment data to facilitate decision- making –Provide skill training, leadership, and organizational skills –Facilitate collective activities and group mobilization –Enable consciousness raising Information for change has 3 purposes: –To stimulate change or action –To monitor change or action –To assess the impact of change or action

10. www.knowledgemobilization.net10 Understanding Coalitions Coalitions, partnerships, and consortia are popular strategies for dealing with complex health and social issues - they are hard work [Wandersman, Goodman, Butterfoss, 2005] Inter-organizational, cooperative, synergistic alliances - from latin: to grow together/union Benefits of coalition New and broader issues Demonstrate wide support Maximize power of individuals and organizations Minimize duplication of efforts and services Mobilize talent, resources, and influence Recruit from diverse constituencies Exploit new resources as conditions change

11. www.knowledgemobilization.net11 Using the Arts Literature, music, video, painting, photography and other forms of artistic expression are powerful tools for community organizing [McDonald 1998] Taps into visceral forms of knowing and reacting to the world and carries a great deal of meaning [Riley 2001]

12. www.knowledgemobilization.net12 Internet Has expanded access to information - but not for every project or community effort. Best Uses: –Assessing public health issues –Assessing the political context –Assessing allies –Assessing opposition –Assessing the news coverage –Conducting policy research –Community building E.G.:Community Tool Box http://ctb.ku.edu

13. www.knowledgemobilization.net13 Part 2: Fundamentals of knowledge exchange and mobilization Definition(s) Modes Professional Revolution Goal History lesson a la New Yorker

14. www.knowledgemobilization.net14 Definition(s) Knowledge Mobilization –is the complex process of making what we know ready for service or action to build value. –Getting the right information to the right people in the right format at the right time to influence decision-making –Never in human history have we hunted for so much data, information and knowledge. –Never in human history have we gathered so much that is useful but not used. –Growing feeling of being “ overfed ” with information?

15. Modes of KMb www.knowledgemobilization.net15

16. www.knowledgemobilization.net16 Professional Revolution Knowledge Management Knowledge Transfer Knowledge Exchange Knowledge Mobilization Knowledge Translation Evidence-based practice Evidence-based decision-making Evidence-informed policy Evidence-informed practice

17. www.knowledgemobilization.net17 But what is the goal? To do the best for those we care about

18. www.knowledgemobilization.net18 Publish or Perish New Yorker: Mischa Richter 1966

19. www.knowledgemobilization.net19 Plain language New Yorker: Dana Fradon 1975

20. www.knowledgemobilization.net20 Use of evidence New Yorker: Mick Stevens 1989

21. www.knowledgemobilization.net21 Impact New Yorker: Sam Gross 1991

22. www.knowledgemobilization.net22 Access New Yorker: John Caldwell 2000

23. www.knowledgemobilization.net23 Part 3: Conversations and their component parts Definition Core considerations Relationships of all content sources Dissemination Accessibility Diversity

24. www.knowledgemobilization.net24 Core KMb Considerations Context Culture Content Capacity Conversations

25. www.knowledgemobilization.net25 Content: Relationships between all sources Philip Davies, Is Evidence-Based Government Possible? Jerry Lee Lecture 2004, Washington, DC

26. www.knowledgemobilization.net 26 KMb practice to avoid!

27. www.knowledgemobilization.net27 Dissemination Scattering of seeds Spread widely –How do we prepare the soil to receive the seeds? –How do we nurture the growth of these seeds? –What does the harvest look like? –What happens in the marketplace?

28. www.knowledgemobilization.net28 KMb practice to avoid!

29. www.knowledgemobilization.net29 Accessibility Access –Physical Increasing access to findings published in Journals, on-line, open access, systematic reviews –Conceptual What does this mean for my practice, location, context, culture

30. www.knowledgemobilization.net30 KMb practice to avoid!

31. www.knowledgemobilization.net31 Systems need Diversity The challenge with herding cats is that the cats may have interests that are non-standard. How to support BOTH the utilization of standards and the exploration of the new? Managing for diversity provides the potential to learn and create resilience.

32. www.knowledgemobilization.net32 Part 4: Managing the value chain Definition Traumatic information? What is research knowledge? Think of a value chain? Exchange Networks

33. www.knowledgemobilization.net33 Value Chain The value chain, also known as value chain analysis, is a concept from business management that was first described and popularized by Michael Porter in his 1985 best- seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. The sequential set of primary and support activities that an enterprise performs to turn inputs into value-added outputs for its external customers. Hybrid Value Chain

34. www.knowledgemobilization.net34 Richard Heinberg Taking in traumatic information and transmuting it into life- affirming action may turn out to be the most advanced and meaningful spiritual practice of our time. http://globalpublicmedia.com/how_do_you_like_the_collapse_so_far

35. www.knowledgemobilization.net35 …what is Research Knowledge? –Hierarchy of Knowledge, Dave Sackett: Systematic reviews/ meta-analyses RCTs Experimental designs Cohort control studies Case-control studies Consensus conference Expert opinion Observational study Other types of study eg. Interview based, local audit Quasi-experimental, qualitative design Personal communication

36. 36 Thinking of a Value Chain Now What: Decisions, Directions, Actions So What: Meaning, Analysis, Interpretation What: Data, Information, Description, Stories MULTIPLE INPUTS FROM RESEARCH, PRACTICE, EXPERIENCE, CULTURE Innovation Supporting Infrastructure Initiatives Incentives to Share between Levels Value Creation Programs Policies Priorities Processes Practice Products Perspectives Procedures Possibilities People Skills

37. www.knowledgemobilization.net37 Exchange

38. www.knowledgemobilization.net38 Network Images: Collaboration of Physicists http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks/collab.gif

39. www.knowledgemobilization.net39 Network Images: Characters from Les Misérables http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks/lesmis.gif

40. www.knowledgemobilization.net40 Networks

41. www.knowledgemobilization.net41 Part 5 - brief: Ethics and empathy as equal partners with logic and technique

42. www.knowledgemobilization.net42 Summary & Discussion –Community engaged research is fundamentally about mobilizing knowledge –Knowledge comes in multiple forms: scientific, traditional, experiential, explicit, tacit –Working “with” is very different from working “on” or “for”. –When working with any vulnerable population consider the person within their network. –There are many layers to the work, they are interconnected and emergent –The internet is a great tool for access and assessment but limited. –Value is always created from exchange –Whole systems are more than the sum of parts.

43. 4x4 Exercise - time permitting Find a discussion partner 5 minutes for each conversation Produce key words or short phrase from each conversation (2 minutes) Move to next conversation with a different partner Questions 1.What has been your key experience from working with community on research? 2.What are the core skills needed? 3.How do you think about networks? 4.What will you do next to improve your ability to engage with community? www.knowledgemobilization.net43

44. Questions & Comments www.knowledgemobilization.net44

45. www.knowledgemobilization.net45 Contact Information