1. Rome & Julius Caesar

2. Change in Rome There was a change in Romans from the Rome first ideal
Roman leaders start to put their own needs first
There are a few men who represent this but no one more than Julius Caesar
Though they were selfish they still did some good things

4. Famous Figures Pompey Magnus Marcus Crassus Mark Antony Cleopatra
Julius Caesar

5. Pompey Magnus Also known as Pompey the Great
He was a plebian and a Roman general
He became famous at a young age for defeating a group of pirates

6. Pompey Magnus (contd.)
He was loved by the people because of his victories in Spain
As he grew older and stayed in Rome his fame faded
As Julius Caesar became more popular and powerful Pompey sided with the Senate and the rich

7. Marcus Crassus He was the richest man in Rome
He was a patrician and a Roman general
He was famous for stopping a famous slave rebellion
Spartacus Rebellion

8. Marcus Crassus (contd.)
Crassus was extremely selfish and obsessed with wealth and power
He became rich but he never became as famous as he wanted
He was older when the two more famous and skilled generals Pompey and Julius Caesar came to power
He faded from power as they both rose into positions of power

9. Mark Antony He was a patrician and a Roman general
He was Julius Caesar’s second-in-command
He was a great military leader but a failure at everything else
He would fight along side his troops

10. Mark Antony (contd.)
He was known for his violent nature, loose moral living, and gambling
He was not qualified for the political positions he was given
He would become one of the most powerful men in Rome even though he was not very “sharp”

11. Cleopatra She was the last pharaoh of Egypt
She was very plain looking but legend talks about her being very beautiful
She was a master of seduction and used that skill to become leader of Egypt
She was highly intelligent

12. Cleopatra (contd.)
She originally shared the rule of Egypt with her brother
After seducing Julius Caesar she convinced Caesar to make her sole leader of Egypt
They would have a love child that would be Caesar’s only son by blood
She would do the same thing to another famous Roman

13. Julius Caesar He was a patrician and a Roman general
One of the most famous people in Roman history
He was very ambitious
He was famous for conquering Gaul (modern day France) and sharing his troops hardships

14. Julius Caesar (contd.)
His popularity grew with the people because of his many victories
Caesar was also liked because he talked about changing things to make it better for the people
This led to tension between him and the rich and powerful of Rome

15. The First Triumvirate A group of the three most powerful men in Rome
It was made up of Marcus Crassus, Pompey Magnus, and Julius Caesar
The group had no official government power
They agreed to share power instead of competing against one another

16. Competition Intensifies
The competition became worse as the year went on between Pompey and Julius Caesar
They were both friends and Pompey was even married to Caesar’s daughter
The competition heated up for a few reasons:
Julius Caesar was becoming more popular for his victories

17. Competition Intensifies
Pompey’s popularity fades as he stays in Rome and he sides with the rich
Julia, Caesar’s daughter, dies so the men no longer share a family connection
Marcus Crassus dies so there is no one to slow the competition down
Julius Caesar is talking about making changes to help the common people

18. The Final Straws
Pompey, with the help of the senators, is elected sole consul instead of sharing it with Caesar
The Senate decides to vote to force Caesar to come home
Caesar is told to leave his army and to return to Rome alone

19. The Decision Caesar has a decision
Return home embarrassed and maybe face criminal charges
Invade the city of Rome with his army and break every ancient Roman rule and tradition

20. Crossing the Rubicon
The Rubicon river is the natural border that marks the start of the ancient city of Rome
A Roman general could not enter the city of Rome with a battle ready army
It was one of the worst crimes a Roman could commit
It was one of the biggest insults to the gods

21. Crossing the Rubicon
A Roman army had to remove their armor and weapons once they entered the city of Rome
By crossing the Rubicon Caesar is declaring war on Rome
It is one of the most important events in Roman history
Pompey and the senators are not prepared so they leave Rome to prepare to fight

22. Civil War Pompey and some important senators fight against Caesar
The final battle is in 48 BCE in Brundisium, Greece
Caesar & Antony are outnumbered about 2 to 1
They still win
Caesar allows the senators who surrender to live
Pompey escapes to Egypt

23. Egypt Pompey goes to Egypt to recruit an army
The ruler of Egypt has his head cut off as a peace offering to Caesar
Egypt’s ruler wants to stay an independent nation instead of being controlled by Rome
Caesar become furious about his friend’s death and demands justice

24. Egypt (contd.)
With his soldiers Caesar replaces the ruler of Egypt with Cleopatra
Egypt now become a client kingdom of Rome
It is allowed to have its own ruler and laws but they must pay taxes and provide crops to Rome

25. Caesar in Rome
Caesar is forced to return quickly to Rome because Antony cannot run it
He begins reforms to make the country better
He forgives debts for many people
He expands the amount of senators
He starts public building projects and puts Romans to work
He expands the calendar