1. History of British Columbia

2. First Nations of British Columbia  Diverse nations and clans  Different housing and social structures – Importance of Cedar  Fishing most important source of food  Banning of the Potlatch in 1884

3. Interior First Nations  Southern Plateau  Chilcotin  Kootenay (Kutenai)  Thompson  Lillooet  Shuswap  Okanagan

4. Northwest Coast Nations: Haida, Tsimshian, Nishga, Gitsan, Kwakiutl, Nuu- Chah-Nulth, Coast Salish Clans: Squamish, Cowichan, Musquem

7. Languages  80% of First Nations languages in Canada, can be found in British Columbia  Historically – more than 34 languages spoken in BC  Our Location: Salish family  Language: Halq’eméylem (Halkomelem)

8. Subsistence  Salmon very important and sacred  Caught on Fraser in Fall  Hunted whales in large canoes  Black-tailed deer, bear, elk, mountain goat

9. The Spanish 1774  HOLA Juan!  First European to explore Haida Gwaii  Unfavorable weather prevented him from taking formal possession for Spain

10. Nootka Sound

11. Captain James Cook  1778 Captain James Cook arrives in Nootka Sound  Meets Maquinna, chief of the Moachat group of the Nootka Nation  Eventually killed in Hawaii for being just plain silly

12. Simon Fraser  British NWC Employee  Exploring the Columbia – Looking for the Pacific  Set up 1 st Trading Post Fort McLeod  1808 Reached the Fraser River

13. Coming Overland!

14. Hell’s Gate