1. Police Technology Chapter Eight
Agency Systems
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

2. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Learning Objectives
The reasons good record keeping is critical to law enforcement
Operator security (right to know and need to know).
Purpose of Record Management Systems (RMS), Jail Management Systems (JMS) and Evidence Management Systems (EMS)
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

3. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Learning Objectives
Impact of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) on police records
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

4. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Police Records
Information retained
By police agencies
runs the spectrum
from crime reports to
Personnel records.
Information needs to be:
Readily available
Kept for a long time
Held confidentially
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

5. Record Keeping Systems
Police agencies create a lot of paper – automated record keeping systems are a combination of hardware, software, policy and procedure
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

6. Record Keeping Systems
First tier manufacturers are large companies. They are set up to product quality custom-designed software and hardware configurations.
Second tier manufacturers may be large companies, but the products are off-the-shelf, not custom-designed.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

7. Record Keeping Systems
The result is:
Many of these systems are incompatible
Smaller agencies do not gain the expertise that the larger agencies have
Fragmentation and its resulting effects continues to grow
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

8. Criminal Justice vs. Police Records
Includes every piece
of info gathered in
and used by the
criminal justice
system.
A fully integrated police
records management
system is going to have
access to all of the
other records
maintained by different
criminal justice
organizations.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

9. A few of the sources of information
Commercial
Records
NCIC
Other
Agencies
Probation Records
Vehicle Records
Police Officer
Prison Records
Court Records
Local Agency
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

10. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Both Input and Output
Commercial
Records
NCIC
Other
Agencies
Probation Records
Vehicle Records
Police Officer
Prison Records
Court Records
Local Agency
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

11. Information Security and Accuracy
In law law enforcement, when information is compromised, authorized users primarily do it intentionally.
In other words, most security breaches are as a result of intentional acts, not hackers, etc.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

12. Information Security and Accuracy
law enforcement personnel also have general access to a wide variety of information about the average person that is confidential and protected by law.
Generally, information available to law
enforcement users is considered privileged
information (for official use only)
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

13. Right to know vs. Need to know
Derived from the officer’s occupation. Police officers have a right to know certain privileged information.
Derived from the situation. Does the officer need to know this information in order to further his/her criminal investigation?
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

14. First layer of protection . . .
Training people to realize their ethical responsibilities with confidential information.
Having clear rules and regulations concerning the field use of equipment
Using passwords
Data logs
Different levels of access
Authentication
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

15. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Privacy Issues
For example, the names of victims sexual assault. Failure to protect the victims’ privacy can result in civil litigation.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

16. For Law Enforcement Agencies:
Information about someone can be considered their personal property
Victims trust the agency will not reveal the information
If the information is reveals, it could cause the person to suffer (e.g., defamation)
Using a person’s likeness (photo) raises issues of ownership
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

17. To Balance Public Confidence
The times in which law enforcement agencies are prevented from intercepting communications by private citizens
Fulfill a citizen’s demand to know what information the government has obtained [Freedom of Information Act FOIA)]
Government take affirmative acts to inform people of information.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

18. Turning Data into Information
Indexing
Master file with cross-referenced numbers
Now done with databases.
Evolved into. . .
Relational databases
Foundation of Records Management Systems (RMS)
Can be link to external sources of information
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

19. Record Management System
Several smaller systems (like CAD and GIS)
That exchange information with a master server
You may only ask questions of a specific database within an agency
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

20. Jail Management System
Information containing:
Inmates status
Photographs
Fingerprints
Visitations
Special needs
Medical information
Security information – like gang affiliation
Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

21. Evidence Management Systems
Documents chain of custody
Assists in orderly transfer of evidence to labs and courts
Assists in the proper storage of evidence
Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

22. Case Management Systems
Assists detectives and detective supervisors in the assignment of cases and coordinating investigations
Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

23. Many different uses of police data
Screen captures provided by Crimestar, Inc.
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

24. Many different uses of police data
Strategic Purposes:
Deployment
Crime Analysis
Two types of
inquiries:
Conditional
Ad Hoc query
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

25. New mobile office systems
The mobile Office
consists of:
Vehicle
Mobile Radio System
Mobile Data Computer (laptop in vehicle)
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

26. New mobile office systems
Allow officers to access:
Mugshots
Fingerprints
GIS maps
Aerial Photographs
Challenges:
Bandwidth
Photograph provided by Woodcrest Vehicles
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

27. New mobile office systems
Like a desk top PC, the Mobile Office has a computer CPU, usually mounted in the truck
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

28. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Image Processing
Documents
Photographs
Fingerprints
Crime Scene photographs
Can be:
Scanned
Digitized
Stored in a database
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

29. Explore Police Books at www.police-writers.com
Police Technology
Explore Police Books at
Copyright : Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster