1. The breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces
What Is Weathering?
The breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces
This is where we are focusing today!

2. Sweet Tart Lab
In your notebook create a new page in which you title the lab “Sweet Tart Lab”.
Remember these are items that I will be looking for in the notebook check. Please ensure that your information is accurate and complete.

3. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
Demo: Sweet tarts and acid
PROBLEM: Which dissolves faster – a solid SweetTARTS or a SweeTARTS that is broken up into smaller pieces?
Create a hypothesis: Which sweet tart do you think will dissolve the quickest?

4. There are two main types of weathering
Mechanical Weathering: the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means (ex: ice, water, gravity, plants)
Chemical weathering: the chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances (ex: water, acid rain)

5. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
3. How does chemical weathering differ from physical weathering? The way or method the rock undergoes to turn into small sediments (rock pieces) 4. What are some factors that affect the rate (speed) of chemical weathering? Climate, humidity (moisture in the air) & temperature

6. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
VARIABLES: 1. Independent variable: 2. Dependent variable: 3. Experimental Group: 4. Control Group:

7. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
VARIABLES: 1. Independent variable: Size of rock/ fragment 2. Dependent variable: Speed of “weathering” 3. Experimental Group: Rock broken into sediments 4. Control Group: Rock in one piece

8. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
MATERIALS:
5 Sweet Tarts
5 Sweet Tarts broken down “weathered”
2 cups
White Vinegar
Timer
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:
Draw the set up in your notebook.

9. How Does Surface Area affect the Rate of Weathering?
OBSERVATIONS: During the experiment, write down 2 sentences on what you see, hear, smell.. Ect. CONCLUSION: Accept or reject hypothesis? Finish this aspect of the lab using evidence from your observations. Write in complete sentences! Follow Up Question: Based on the results of your experiment, predict which of these would weather the fastest - a smooth round pebble or a jagged piece of rock. Why?

10. Let’s take a deeper look…
Draw diagram in notebook.

11. Mechanical Weathering: WIND, WATER and GRAVITY
Abrasion: the action of rocks and sediments grinding against each other and wearing away exposed surfaces
When wind blows against exposed rock, the sand eventually wears away the rock’s surface

12. Mechanical Weathering: WIND, WATER and GRAVITY
Example: Gravity can also lead to abrasion. As rocks are pulled down by gravity, they can start falling down mountains. As the rocks hit each other, they rub against each other causing abrasion to occur and leading to the weathering of rocks.

13. Mechanical Weathering: WIND, WATER and GRAVITY
When rocks and pebbles roll along the bottom of swiftly flowing rivers, they bump into and scrape against each other.
They eventually can become river rocks.

14. What happens when you freeze a coke can?
The liquid expands, and often times the can will bust!

15. Mechanical Weathering: ICE Wedging
When water seeps into a crack in a rock during warm weather and then freezes during cold weather, it expands.
And when it expands, it pushes against the sides of the crack, forcing it to open wider.
This process is called ice wedging.

16. Frost Wedging
When water freezes and expands, it enlarges cracks in rocks.

17. Biological Activity Activity of organisms
Growing roots, burrowing animals, deforestation
Life via plants or animals accelerate weathering = breaking down of rocks into sediments

18. Mechanical Weathering: PLANTS
Plants often send their roots into existing cracks in rocks.
As the plant gets bigger, the force of the expanding root becomes so strong that the crack is made larger.

19. Mechanical Weathering: ANIMALS
Almost any animal that burrows causes mechanical weathering
These may include animals like ants, mice, coyotes, and rabbits

20. What is unloading
It is the process which layers of rocks under the surface are exposed
You need to know “unloading” is mechanical!

21. Checks for understanding
Which of the following is NOT a cause of mechanical weathering?
Dissolving
Frost wedging
Abrasion
Burrowing
Group Review

22. There are two main types of weathering
Mechanical Weathering: the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means (ex: ice, water, gravity, plants)
Chemical weathering: the chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances (ex: water, acid rain)

23. Let’s take a deeper look…
Answer the following question below your chart.
What climate is best for chemical weathering to occur?

24. Chemical Weathering: WATER
Many types of rock can be dissolved by water
Even hard rock, like granite, is broken down by water
It may take a few thousand years

25. Chemical Weathering: ACID RAIN
Acid precipitation: precipitation that contains acids due to air pollution
Precipitation such as rain and snow is naturally acidic and contains carbonic acid
These acids can slowly break down rocks and other matter

26. Chemical Weathering: ACID RAIN
When fossil fuels are burned, they give off gases, and when these compounds combine with water in the atmosphere, they can fall back to the ground in rain or snow

27. Chemical Weathering: AIR
In rocks that contain iron, oxidation (rust) may occur
Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an element combines with oxygen to form an oxide (basically, the easy way to say this is that stuff rusts!)

28. Climate
Chemical Weathering happens in WARM & HOT

29. Checks for understanding
Which of the type of chemical weathering is responsible for turning the statue of liberty green?
Dissolving
Acid Rain
Abrasion
Oxygen

30. Checks for understanding
Which is responsible for creation of rust?
Dissolving
Acid Rain
Abrasion
Oxidation

31. Checks for understanding
In which climate does chemical weathering occur most rapidly?
Cold, dry
Cold, wet
Warm, dry
Warm, wet

32. The Grand Canyon in Arizona

33. Anticipation & Connections
Deposition: when weathered rock and soil particles build up in one place
Weathering, erosion and deposition never stop. They are part of a continuous cycle.

34. Independent Practice Complete Tic-Tac-Toe board practice
Use all notes from Unit 3