2. Copyright Information Presentation Plus! Human Heritage: A World History Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240

3. Splash Screen

4. 3 Contents CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1The Land SECTION 2Daily Life SECTION 3Raiders and Adventurers CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

5. 4 Chapter Focus 1 Overview Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter 20 discusses the development of Scandinavia and the Vikings’ impact upon world civilization.  –Section 1 describes the effects of geography on the development of the Vikings as seafaring people.  –Section 2 describes the culture of the Viking people.  –Section 3 discusses Viking influence in England, France, Russia, and the North Atlantic.

6. 5 Chapter Focus 2 Objectives explain how the Vikings earned their living.  After studying this chapter, you will be able to: summarize what daily life was like for the Vikings.  describe how Viking warriors traded and raided.  explain what role the Danish Vikings played in the histories of England and France. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

7. 6 Chapter Focus 2 Read to Discover Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 299 of your textbook. How the Vikings earned a living  What daily life was like for the Vikings  How Viking warriors and adventurers traded and raided  What role the Danish Vikings played in the histories of England and France

8. 7 berserkers  Eddas  runes  Terms to Learn Places to Locate People to Know (cont.) Chapter Focus 3 jarls  Leif Eriksson  Canute  Rollo  Scandinavia  Jutland  Vinland  Norselaw Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. People to Know Rurik  Erik the Red 

9. 8 During the 900s, Charlemagnes’s empire and Anglo-Saxon England were attacked by new invaders known as Norseman, or Vikings. They came from the far northern part of Europe in an area now called Scandinavia. The tall, fair- skinned Vikings were brutal fighters and robbers. They spread fear and destruction throughout western Europe for several hundred years. However, they opened up new trade routes and taught seafaring skills to the Europeans.robbers The Vikings captured parts of Britain and France. They ruled cities in Russia and set up colonies on islands in the North Atlantic. They even paid a visit to North America. Those who went abroad married the people they conquered and accepted a new religion and new customs. Others stayed in Scandinavia and set up the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Chapter Focus 4 Why It’s Important Click the Speaker On button to replay the audio.

10. End of Chapter Focus

11. 10 Section 1-1 The Land Scandinavia, the Viking homeland, was mostly forests and long, rugged coastlines.  The southern part, known as Jutland, or Denmark, had many natural harbors and was well suited for farming grains and pasturing cattle, sheep, and pigs.  As the rest of Scandinavia had rocky soil, a short growing season, and many fjords, or narrow bays, the people turned to the sea to make a living. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 299 of your textbook.

12. 11 Section 1-2 Ships and Trade Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Vikings built large, long, and narrow ships with timber from the dense forests.  The Vikings plotted their search of good fishing areas and trade by the positions of the sun and the stars.  They carried furs, hides, fish, and enslaved people to western Europe and the Mediterranean; they returned with silk, wine, wheat, and silver.

13. 12 Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Trade led to the growth of market towns in Scandinavia.  Most Vikings lived in log or board houses in villages scattered all through the country.  There was no central government as distance and cold winters isolated the villages.  The people were divided into groups ruled by elected or inherited military chiefs called jarls.  When a jarl had enough land under his rule, he was looked upon as a king. Towns, Villages, and Jarls

14. 13 Section 1-Assessment 1 Section Assessment How did people in Scandinavia make a living? The people of Scandinavia made a living by farming, fishing, and trading. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

15. 14 Section 1-Assessment 2 Section Assessment (cont.) What were some of the features of Viking towns? They generally had two main streets that ran along the water’s edge and were lined with booths. They were protected on their land side by mounds of earth surrounded by wooden walls with towers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

16. 15 Section 1-Assessment 3 Section Assessment (cont.) Making Generalizations How did the Vikings use their natural resources? The Vikings built ships and houses with timber from the dense forests, turned to the sea to make a living, and grew herbs that were used as medicines. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

17. 16 Geographic features: mostly forested; long rugged coastlines; many natural harbors in the southern part (Jutland); large plains suitable for farming in the south; region north or harbor are not well suited to farming; rocky soil and short growing season Section 1-Assessment 4 Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 301 of your textbook, and use it to describe geographic features of the Viking homeland. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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19. 18 Section 2-1 Section 2 begins on page 301 of your textbook. Daily Life Vikings valued family life, and most households had 20 to 30 members, including parents, grandparents, married children, and grandchildren.

20. 19 Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The People Viking warriors were called berserkers.  They fought to gain wealth, honor, and fame, believing that a liking for war brought special honors from the gods.  To call their warriors to battle, the Vikings lit bonfires on mountaintops.  The women encouraged their men to fight, took complete charge of the home, and could own property and get a divorce.  The Vikings had no schools.

21. 20 Section 2-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Vikings worshiped many gods at first that were similar to the Germanic gods, and then they changed their gods to suit the hard life of Scandinavia.  The Vikings offered sacrifices and prayed to their gods to get what they wanted.  The Vikings told proud stories of the gods' great deeds that later became written poems called Eddas.  Over time, the Vikings’ language developed into four–Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Icelandic. Religion

22. 21 Section 2-4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. These languages were written with letters called runes, which few people except priests could understand or use.  When the Vikings accepted Christianity, they began to write their languages with Roman letters. Religion (cont.)

23. 22 Section 2-Assessment 1 Section Assessment What kind of education did Viking children receive? Girls were taught household skills. Boys were taught to use the bow and arrow and to be good fighters, and they memorized tales of heroes and gods and competed in games. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

24. 23 Section 2-Assessment 2 Section Assessment (cont.) How did the Vikings view their gods? The Vikings viewed their gods as extra-powerful humans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

25. 24 Section 2-Assessment 3 Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment What might have been some of the advantages and disadvantages of living in the large Viking households? Some of the advantages of living in a large Viking household were a lot of people to help with the work, protection and care for the sick. Disadvantages were blood feuds between large families, lack of privacy, and payment of the fines charged to the family. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

26. 25 Section 2-Assessment 4 Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 303 of your textbook, and use it to compare the role of Viking women with the role of women in the United States today. Women today have equal rights and cannot be sold by their husbands. Both Viking and modern women can take charge of the home, attend public meetings, talk to men, own property, and get a divorce. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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28. 27 Section 3-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3 begins on page 304 of your textbook. Raiders and Adventurers By the end of the 800s, many Viking villages were overcrowded, food was in short supply, there was no central government, and the kings constantly fought one another.  Viking warriors began to set sail to seek their fortunes in other lands.

29. 28 Section 3-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. From East Europe to North America Viking adventurers traveled to and raided areas from east Europe to North America.  Swedish Vikings crossed the Baltic Sea and traveled down the rivers toward what is now Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia.  In 862, a Swedish chief named Rurik founded a Viking settlement that became the Kievan Rus state.  Norwegian Vikings set up trading towns in Ireland, explored the North Atlantic, and founded a colony on Iceland.

30. 29 Section 3-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Led by Erik the Red, they founded a colony on the island of Greenland in 986.  Erik’s son, Leif Eriksson, landed on the northeast coast of North America and named the spot Vinland because of the wild grapes growing there.  Viking adventurers went to western and southern Europe in search of food and valuables. From East Europe to North America (cont.)

31. 30 Section 3-4 Because they stole, destroyed homes, burned churches, and killed or enslaved people, all of Europe feared the Vikings. From East Europe to North America (cont.)

32. 31 Section 3-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Danes were among those Vikings who raided western and southern Europe.  In 1016, a powerful Danish king called Knut, or Canute, conquered England and made it part of his North Sea Empire.  Led by a warrior named Rollo, the Danes began settling along the French coast opposite England.  In 911, the French king signed a treaty with Rollo to give the Danes this land. The Danes

33. 32 Section 3-6 The region in which the Danes settled became known first as the Norselaw and then as Normandy; the people became known as Normans. The Danes (cont.)

34. 33 Section 3- Assessment 1 Why did many Vikings leave Scandinavia? Viking villages were overcrowded and had food shortages, and the kings constantly fought one another. Section Assessment Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

35. 34 Section 3- Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Why did Europeans fear the Vikings? The Europeans feared the Vikings because they stole, destroyed homes, and killed and enslaved people.

36. 35 Section 3- Assessment 3 Section Assessment (cont.) What happened to the Danes who settled in England? Danes in England lost control of England after Canute died. Danes in France settled in Normandy and became Christians. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

37. 36 Section 3- Assessment 4 Section Assessment (cont.) Predicting Consequences How might life have been different for the Vikings if there had been a central government in Scandinavia? Answers will vary. Life might have been more stable. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

38. 37 Section 3- Assessment 5 Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 308 of your textbook, and use it to summarize key dates in Viking history. 911–Danes win Norselaw in France; 954–heir to Alfred the Great forces the Danes to leave England; 978– Ethelred the Unready becomes king of England and Danes resume raids; 1016–Canute conquers England; 1035–Danish control of England ends Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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40. 39 Chapter Summary 1 Chapter Summary & Study Guide The Vikings lived in northern Europe in an area called Scandinavia.  The geography of the Viking homeland led people to become excellent sailors who earned their living through fishing, trading, and raiding.  The Vikings worshiped many gods and often told stories about them.  When the Vikings accepted Christianity, they stopped writing their languages in runes and began using Roman letters. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

41. 40 Chapter Summary 2 Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Overpopulation in Scandinavia in the 800s led many Vikings to establish settlements elsewhere, including Kievan Rus and Greenland.  In 1016, a Danish king called Canute conquered England, but after his death, Danish control of the country came to an end.  After besieging Paris, Danish Vikings settled along the French coast in an area known as Norselaw.

42. End of Chapter Summary

43. 42 Chapter Assessment 1 Understanding the Main Idea Why did many Vikings turn to the sea to make a living? They turned to the sea because the land was not suited to farming. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

44. 43 Chapter Assessment 2 How did the Vikings plot the courses of their voyages? The Vikings navigated by the positions of the sun and the stars. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

45. 44 Chapter Assessment 3 How were Viking houses protected from the winter? Their roofs slanted deeply to shed the heavy winter snows. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

46. 45 Chapter Assessment 4 Why was there no central government in Scandinavia? There was no central government because distance and the cold winters isolated the people. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

47. 46 Chapter Assessment 5 How did a jarl become a king? He became king by seizing neighboring lands. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

48. 47 Chapter Assessment 6 Understanding the Main Idea What role did women play in Viking society? They took charge of the home and could attend public meetings, talk with all men, own property, and get a divorce. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

49. 48 Chapter Assessment 7 What were Viking stories about? Their stories were about the gods’ great deeds. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

50. 49 Chapter Assessment 8 How did the Vikings use runes? The Vikings used runes as magic charms. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

51. 50 Chapter Assessment 9 What effect did the Vikings have on Kievan Rus? They founded a settlement that became the Russian nation. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

52. 51 Chapter Assessment 10 Why did the Vikings decide not to set up a colony in North America? It was too far from home, and Native Americans attacked them. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

53. 52 Chapter Assessment 11 What effect did Christianity have on Viking life? It caused the people to lose interest in their sagas and to write with Roman letters. Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

54. 53 Chapter Assessment 12 What would you have liked about being a Viking? What would you have disliked? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking

55. 54 Chapter Assessment 13 What do you think might have happened in Scandinavia if many Viking warriors had not left the area during the 800s? Answers will vary. There might not have been any explorations to North America. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking

56. 55 Chapter Assessment 14 What effect did Vikings have on the development of Europe during the Middle Ages? They spread fear but also opened up new trade routes and taught seafaring skills. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking

57. 56 Chapter Assessment 15 Region Look at the map on page 306 of your textbook. The Vikings settled in areas beyond the Scandinavian region. What geographic features of Scandinavia may have contributed to the Vikings’ expansion and movement? Write a paragraph showing how geographic features affected the Vikings’ movement. Then draw a map showing the Vikings’ routes. Viking expansion was caused by limited space and mountains on their peninsula, and by their access to the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Geography in History Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

58. 57 Chapter Assessment 16 If the Vikings had sailed directly from Norway to Newfoundland, they could have covered the approximate 2,500-mile distance in under 20 days. About how many miles per hour would their speed have to be to make the trip in under 20 days? It would have had to be slightly over 5 miles (3 km) per hour. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

59. End of Chapter Assessment

60. 59 History Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Human Heritage: A World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.humanheritage.glencoe.com

61. 60 Global Chronology Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. 911 A.D. Danes win Norselaw in France 862 A.D. Vikings found Kievan Rus 1016 A.D. Canute conquers England 986 A.D. Vikings establish a colony in Greenland 1036 A.D. Danish control of England ends

62. 61 Canute followed in the footsteps of his father, who conquered England in 1013. When his father died, the Anglo-Saxons refused to make Canute king, so he led the Danes in a second war of conquest. In 1016, he became the sole king of England. In 1018 he inherited the Danish throne, and in 1028 he seized the throne of Norway. Although Canute’s sons lost England, a distant kinsman from Normandy–William the Conqueror–would reclaim it in 1066. People in History 3.1 Canute c. 995-1035 Danish King

63. 62 Then & Now 1.1 Of the many words that entered English from Old Norse, one of the most threatening is berserk. It comes from the Viking warriors known as berserkers, who rushed headlong into battle shrieking, leaping, and seemingly unaware of pain. Berserk

64. 63 Map Skills 3.1 Tracing Historical Routes Lines on maps generally show boundaries or rivers.  On some maps, however, lines may show other things, such as historical routes.  These are roads or courses over which people or goods have traveled all through history. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Continued on next slide.

65. 64 Map Skills 3.2 Tracing Historical Routes Such routes are often colored to make the map easier to read.  A colored line may have arrows to point out the direction taken by people or goods.  If there is a legend on the map, it may provide clues to the meaning of the different lines and colors. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Continued on next slide.

66. 65 Map Skills 3.3 For example, on the map of “Viking Trade and Expansion” on page 306 of your textbook, the legend shows that the brown line is the Varangian Route.  The two arrows along the line point out that the route began in Sweden and ended in Byzantium. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Tracing Historical Routes

67. 66 Map Skills 3.4 Continued on next slide. Study the map on page 306 of your textbook that shows Viking trade and expansion. Then answer the questions that follow. Tracing Historical Routes

68. 67 Map Skills 3.5 What were some places visited by Vikings along their trade routes? They visited England, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, Vinland, France, Spain, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Continued on next slide. Tracing Historical Routes

69. 68 Map Skills 3.6 Which routes ran through the largest area of Viking settlement? Invasion routes and the Varangian Route ran through the largest area of Viking settlement. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Continued on next slide. Tracing Historical Routes

70. 69 Map Skills 3.7 What two cities lay along Viking invasion routes? Kiev and Baghdad lay along Viking invasion routes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Tracing Historical Routes

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