1. Prof. dr hab. inż. Krystian Probierz Faculty of Mining and Geology Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice Oulu, 15 May 2014 Mining and mineral resources of Poland.

2. 2015-08-18 2 Poland has a long mining tradition stretching back over 2500 years, when in the central part of the present Polish territory flint (striped)was mined out in mines, which were considered to be the biggest ones in Europe in those days

3. 2015-08-18 3 Striped flint

4. 2015-08-18 4 Amber Road ancient trade route At the same time also amber, which was very precious among others in ancient Rome, was mined on the Baltic Sea shore.

5. 2015-08-18 5 XII CenturySalt mine Wieliczka

6. 2015-08-18 6 1561 Martin Helwig Silesia map is reversed

7. 2015-08-18 7 From early Middle Age was known that Silesia is rich in minerals, especially gold,silver and gemstone

8. 2015-08-18 8 1- Cu 2- Zn-Pb 3- Fe-Ti 4- Mo-W-Cu 5-S 6- Nacl 7- Gypsum 8- Lignite 9-Bituminuos coal

9. 9 Raw materials, mineral productsProduction, 10³ t Bituminuos coal79 234 Lignite64 277 Crude oil 671 Natural gas (Mrd. m 3 ) 5,300 Copper ore Cu Ag (t) 31 725 632 * 1,717 * Lead and Zinc ore Zn Pb 2 491 181 * 77 * Rock salt, NaCl 3 557 Sulphur, S 702 Gypsum and Anhydrit 179 POLAND, 2012 31 3 2 1 1 12 Mine/open pit

10. 2015-08-18 10 Copper ore Chalkotit Cu 2 SChalcopiryte CuFeS 2 Bornite Cu 5 FeS 4

11. 2015-08-18 11 The copper ore deposits are situated in the south-west of Poland, in Lower Silesia. These deposits are at the depths from 1000 – 1400 metres in the Permian – Rotliegendes and Zechstein sediments

12. 2015-08-18 12 Geological cross-section

13. 2015-08-18 13 Copper ore series : shale, sandstones, dolomite - limestone Copper contents : ~ 1,0% Cu. Ore minerals : chalkotite, bornite, chalcopiryte thickness : 0,4 – 26,0 m (average 2 - 5m)

14. 2015-08-18 14 Extraction of the ore is carried out using the room-and-pillar method.