1. MARKETING MANAGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING MANAGEMENT
What is market?
The term ‘market’ owes its origin to the Latin word ‘marcatus’ having a verb ‘mercari’ implying ‘merchandize’ , ‘ware-traffic’, ‘trade’ or ‘ a place where business is conducted’.
Originally market was a public place in a town or village, where household provisions and other objects were available for sale.
Now the definition of market has expanded to a globalized world.

3. The Essentials of Market
The essentials of a market are:
Existence of a commodity or item which is to be dealt with.
The existence of buyers and sellers.
A place, be it a certain region, a country or the entire world or virtual place like the internet.
Interaction between buyers and sellers to facilitate transactions.

4. Classification of Markets
Market can be classified on various basis.
On the basis of geographical area.
On the basis of nature of competition in the market.
On the basis of nature of goods sold.

5. Classification of Markets
1. Geographical area as a basis
On the basis of geographical area, the market can be classified as :
Local market
Market place where the purchase and sale of goods/services involve buyers and sellers of a small local area.
National market
When goods and services are exchanged all over the country, it is called as national market
Global or World market
Many manufactured products and specialized services are sold across the globe by many companies. Such market is called as global market.

6. Classification of Markets
2. On the basis of nature of competition in the market
Perfect market
Imperfect market

7. Classification of Markets
3. On the basis of nature of goods sold
Consumer goods market
A consumer goods market is defined as a market where the final output of the firm goes for the consumption by individuals or institutions.
These goods can be durables or non durables. Durables are also called as FMCG products.
Industrial goods market
A business market is defined as a market where output of one firm goes either as raw material, goods in process or as consumables of another industry.
This market is also called as organizational or B2B market
The demand for the product is derived demand.

8. Classification of Markets
Non-Profit and Government Market
This market consists of non-profit organizations such as social service agencies, educational organizations, charitable organizations and Govt. Departments and agencies that need special skills to sell to them.
These buyers have limited purchasing power.
The Govt. which is a large buyer, make purchases on the basis of tenders, bids and negotiation.

9. MARKETING
Marketing is a set of business activities that facilitate movement of goods and services from producers to consumers.
It is an ongoing process that comprises the following:
Discovering and translating consumer needs into products and services
Creating demand for them, serving the customer and his demand through a marketing programme of promotion
Distribution to fulfill the company’s marketing goals in a competitive environment

10. MARKETING
DEFINITION
“Marketing is an organization function and a set of process for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stake holders” (American Marketing Association)
“Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements, profitably. (Chartered Institute of Marketing)

11. THE EXCHANGE PROCESS THE EXCHANGE PROCESS IN MARKETING
Barter System of Exchange
Marketing system evolves from simple barter system through the stage of money economy to today’s complex marketing.
But for transaction to take place between two parties, it was necessary that there be needs and wants on both sides.

12. THE EXCHANGE PROCESS MONEY ECONOMY
The development of money came to act as a common medium and the exchange process became very easy and convenient.
The exchange process in money economy can be shown as follows:

13. THE EXCHANGE PROCESS
PRODUCERS/ SELLERS
Market
BUYERS
Flow of Goods & Service
Flow of Money
Thus Exchange is an act of obtaining a desired product or service from someone by offering something in return.

14. THE EXCHANGE PROCESS
For an exchange process to take place between two or more parties, the following conditions have to be met.
Each party has something that could be of value to other party.
Each party has desire, willingness and ability to exchange
Each party is capable of communicating and delivering
Each party has the freedom to accept or reject the offer.

15. Marketing Orientations (Marketing Management Philosophies)
Marketing activity should be carried out under a well thought out philosophy of efficiency, effectiveness, and social responsibility.
There are six competing concepts under which organizations conduct marketing activities. They are:
1. The production concept
2. The product concept
3. The selling concept
4. The marketing concept
5. The societal marketing concept

16. Marketing Orientations:1-PRODUCTION CONCEPT

17. Production Concept
Quality products at affordable prices sell themselves
Philosophy
Minimize costs to lower prices, keep quality comparatively high
Objective
Focus on production & distribution efficiency to maximize sales and revenue
How?

18. Marketing Concepts – Production Concept (Summary)
The production concepts hold that consumers will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive.
Managers of production oriented companies concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs and mass distribution.
The company assumes that consumers are primarily interested in product availability and low prices.
This concept holds good in those cases where the cost of production of the company is more than the cost of production of its competitors and the demand for the product exceeds its supply

19. Marketing Orientations : 2-Product Concept

20. 2.Product Concept
The product concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance or innovative features
Managers in these organizations focus on making superior products and improving them over time
The product concept can lead to what Theodore Levitt calls “marketing myopia”. Marketing myopia is the wrong concept about the product and its purchase by consumers

21. 3. The Selling Concept

22. The Selling Concept
The selling concept assumes that consumers and businesses, if left along, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organization’s products. The organizations must therefore undertake an aggressive selling and promotion effort.
SALES
PROMOTION
PRODUCT

23. The selling concept is given below in detail
Means
Ends
Starting Point
Focus
Aggressive Selling & Promotion
Profit through sales volume
Factory
Products

24. Selling Concept
The selling concept is aggressively used for selling unsought goods, ie. Products that buyers normally do not think of buying. Eg. Insurance, encyclopedia, funeral plots etc
The selling concept is aggressively used by political parties during the time of election
Most firms practice selling concept when they have over capacity

25. 4. Marketing Concept

26. Marketing Concept
The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving the organization’s goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target markets.
This concept developed after 1950’s globally

27. The marketing concept can be summarized as follows:
Starting Point
Focus
Means
Ends
PROFIT
THROUGH
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
CUSTOMER
NEEDS
INTEGRATED
MARKETING
TARGET
MARKET

28. Marketing Concept A.Target Market
The starting point of marketing concept is the target customers. Target customers is the group of customers for whom the product is created and directed
B.Customer Needs
The focus of activity should be towards the needs of the customers.
A company can define its target customers but fail to correctly understand the customer’s needs.
Understanding customer need is not very easy. There can be different types of customer needs such as:
Stated needs
Real needs
Unstated needs
Delight needs
Secret needs

29. Marketing Concept
While defining needs, a company should make a distinction between the following:
Responsive Marketing
A responsive marketer finds a stated need and fills it
Anticipative Marketing
An anticipative marketer looks ahead into what needs customers may have in the near future
Creative Marketing
A creative marketer discovers and produces solutions customers did not ask for but to which they enthusiastically respond

30. Marketing Concept C.Integrated Marketing
When all the company’s departments work together to serve the customer’s interest, the result is the integrated marketing.
Integrated marketing takes place at two levels. They are:
The various marketing functions – sale force, advertising, customer service, product management, marketing research – must work together
The second is that the marketing must be embraced by the other departments . To foster teamwork among all departments, the company carries out internal and external marketing.

31. Marketing Concept
Under marketing concept, the company changes the traditional organizational chart into modern customer oriented organization chart.
Customers
Top Management
Front-line Management
Middle Management
Middle Mgmt
Front-line People
CUSTOMERS
CUSTOMERS
Top
Management
CUSTOMERS
Traditional Orgn Chart
Modern Orgn Chart

32. Marketing Concept
The integrated marketing concept as customer as the controlling function can be shown as follows:
Human Resource
Marketing
Customer
Production
Finance

33. Marketing Concept: Nike

34. Marketing Concepts : 5. The Social Marketing Concepts

35. SOCIETAL MARKETING CONCEPT
SOCIETY’S WELFARE
SMP
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
COMPANY PROFITABILITY

36. The Societal Marketing Concept
This marketing concept emphasizes that the key task of the company is not only to determine the needs and wants of the target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction, but also to preserve and enhance the consumers and society's overall well being
This calls upon marketers to build social, ethical and environmental considerations into their marketing practices

37. IKEA : Societal Marketing Concept

38. The Holistic Marketing Concept

39. The Holistic Marketing Concept
The holistic marketing concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognizes their breadth and interdependencies.
Holistic marketing recognizes that “everything matters” in marketing and that a broad, integrated perspective is often necessary.

40. The Holistic Marketing Concept
The holistic marketing concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognizes their breadth and interdependencies.
Holistic marketing recognizes that “everything matters” in marketing and that a broad, integrated perspective is often necessary.