1. FLORIDA’S NONPROFIT SECTOR: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCE Lester M. Salamon Miami, Florida, November 7, 2007

2. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies 4 th most populous state FLORIDA REALITIES Twice the U.S. population growth rate, 2000-04 25% larger proportion of elderly than U.S. Median household income 10% below U.S. 21% of residents with no health insurance vs. 16% nationally

3. TYPES OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGS UNDER U.S. LAW 501(c)(1) Corporations organized under an act of Congress 501(c)(2) Title-holding companies 501(c)(3) Religious, charitable, educational, etc. 501(c)(4) Social Welfare 501(c)(5) Labor, agriculture organization 501(c)(6) Business leagues 501(c)(7) Social and recreational clubs 501(c)(8) Fraternal beneficiary societies 501(c)(9) Voluntary employees’ beneficiary societies 501(c)(10) Domestic fraternal beneficiary societies 501(c)(11) Teacher’s retirement fund 501(c)(12) Benevolent life insurance associations 501(c)(13) Cemetery companies 501(c)(14) Credit unions 501(c)(15) Mutual insurance companies 501(c)(16) Corporations to finance crop operation 501(c)(17) Supplement unemployment benefit trusts 501(c)(18) Employee-funded pension trusts 501(c)(19) War veterans’ organizations 501(c)(20) Legal services organizations 501(c)(21) Black lung trusts 501(c)(25) Holding companies for pensions 501(d) Religious and apostolic organizations 501(e) Cooperative hospital service organizations 501(f) Cooperative service organizations of operation educational organizations 521 Farmer’s cooperatives 527 Political organizations Tax Code Number Type of Tax-exempt Org

4. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies IN SEARCH OF FLORIDA NONPROFITS EOMF: IRS 990 filers: ES-202: 46,587 organizations 13,686 organizations 6,192 organizations 501 (C) (3)’s

5. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies A MAJOR ECONOMIC PRESENCE – 2005 630,000 workers – 380,000 paid workers – 250,000 FTE volunteer workers 4.9% of total state employment $48.1 billion in revenues $76.2 billion of assets $14.6 billion in wages and compensation Generates at least $300 million of sales tax revenue

6. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Florida Nonprofits: The 4 th Largest Workforce Among Florida Industries 200400 % of nonprofit revenue 060080010001200 * Excludes nonprofits Retail Administrative Support Accommodations & Food Nonprofit Sector Health & Social Services* Construction Education* Professional & Scientific Services* Manufacturing Finance & Insurance Wholesale Transport Other Services* Real Estate Information Arts & recreation Agriculture Management of Companies Utilities Mining 629 6 30 63 101 167 168 173 216 259 338 352 422 400 487 574 597 728 814 981 Nonprofit employees Nonprofit volunteers Other Employees 380

7. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies FLORIDA NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT BELOW U.S. AVERAGE 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 4.9% Nonprofit Employment as % of Total Florida U.S. Census Dist. 5 Southeast New York Ohio California Texas 7.2% 6.3% 13.3% 8.0% 5.1% 4.1%

8. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies FLORIDA NONPROFIT EXPENDITURES PER $1,000 OF GROSS STATE PRODUCT BELOW U.S. AVERAGE* $120 $80 $40 $0 $73 Nonprofit Expenditures per $1000 of GSP Florida U.S. Southeast New York Ohio California Texas $93 $87 $127 $117 $87 $52 $140 $20 $100 $60 *2005 990 data/2004 Gross State Product

9. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies FLORIDA NONPROFIT EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA BELOW U.S. AVERAGE $8000 $6000 $4000 $2000 0% $2505 Nonprofit Expenditures per Capita Florida U.S. Southeast New York Ohio California Texas $3660 $3307 $5939 $4322 $3659 $2067

10. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies II. A DIVERSE SECTOR: FIELDS 20% 10% Arts, culture, recreation Youth, human srvcs, food, shelter 20% Grant making & giving 50% 40% 30% Civic and social Other education Social advocacy Not elsewhere classified Other health Nursing homes Science and tech Hospitals Higher education 3% 18% 10% 14% 5% 10% 1% 7% 4% 5% 4% 5% 2% 5% 7% 4% 6% 3% 1% 47% 1% 8% Organizations Expenditures % of State Nonprofit Total 0% Other civic 8% 1%

11. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies DISTRIBUTION OF NONPROFIT EXPENDITURES BY FIELD, FLORIDA VS. THE NATION, 2005 10% 20% 50% 40% 30% 8% 10% 8% 9% 3% 47% 43% 4% 7% 5% 4% 7% 4% 3% 6% 3% Florida United States* 60% 70% 80% Youth,human srvcs, food, shelter Hospitals Nursing homes Other health Higher education Other education Not elsewhere classified Civic and social organizations Home health Arts, entertainment, recreation Social advocacy organizations Science and technology Grantmaking and giving services 10% 3% 2% 3% 1% 2% 1% 3% 0% % of Total Nonprofit Expenditures

12. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NONPROFIT SHARE OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN SELECTED FIELDS, FLORIDA VS. U.S., 2005 20%40%80%60% Science and technology 7% 4% 6% 1% 3% Florida U.S. Employment in nonprofits as percent of total employment 0% 100% Total 5% Grantmaking and giving Social advocacy organizations Civic and social organizations Hospitals Youth development, human Services, food, and shelter Higher education Nursing homes Home health Other health Arts, culture, humanities, and recreation 26% 36% 85% 73% 81% 70% 63% 68% 60% 52% 48% 53% 28% 34% 22% 18% 15% 5% 10% Other education

13. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies DIVERSITY:GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 29% 10% Southeast Tampa Bay East Central 30%20% Northeast Northwest Southwest South Central State total 4.5% 25% 5.5% 22% 5.7% 10% 6.1% 6% Share of FL NP employees NP employees as % of all employees % of State Total 0% 40% 4.6% North Central 4% 7.9% 3% 3.3% 1% 4.6% 4.9%

14. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies DISTRIBUTION OF FLORIDA NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT, BY REGION, 2005

15. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, BY REGION, 2005

16. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies A DIVERSE SECTOR: ORGANIZATIONAL SIZE 10% 20%50%40%30% Organizations Expenditures % of Florida Nonprofit Total 0% SMALL (< $1 million) 60%70%90%80% MEDIUM (Rev. $1 m - $9.9m) LARGE (Rev. $10 m - $49.9m) VERY LARGE (Rev. > $50m) 80% 4.3% 15% 14.3% 18.3% 3% 1% 62.9%

17. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies GENEROSITY: CHARITABLE GIVING % OF INCOME FROM CONTRIBUTIONS* 21.7% 10% Arts, culture, humanities and recreation Youth, human srvcs, food, shelter 20% Grantmaking & giving 50%40%30% Civic and social Other education Social advocacy Not elsewhere classified Other health Nursing homes Science and technology Hospitals Higher education 25.3% 91% 60% 65% 38% 8% % of nonprofit revenue 0% U.S. Florida 60%70%80%90%100% 60% 51% 41% 36% 32% 22% 4% * Includes private gifts and government grants

18. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies GENEROSITY II: FLORIDA BELOW U.S. AVERAGE IN CONTRIBUTIONS PER $1000 OF INCOME* $30 $20 $10 $0 $23.55 Contributions per $1000 of AGI* Florida U.S. New York California Texas Ohio $24.66 $28.99 $25.19 $23.47 $20.73 *AGI: Adjusted Gross Income

19. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies GENEROSITY III: VOLUNTEERING, 2006 30% 20% 10% 0% 18.6% % of population volunteering Florida U.S. Southeast Ohio Texas California New York 26.7% 23.7% 30.2% 26.6% 23.5% 18.4% 40%

20. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies FLORIDA NONPROFIT EXPENDITURES, GROWING FASTER THAN U.S. AVERAGE, 1992-2005 50% Florida U.S. 150%100% U.S. GDP California Ohio New York 97% 70% 190% Percent change in Expenditures, 1992-2005 (Adjusted for inflation) 0% 200% The South 82% 70% 13% 25%75%125%175% Texas 84% 54%

21. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Annual Average Change, Florida and U.S. Nonprofit Expenditures and Florida and U.S. GDP, 1992-2005, by Period 1% 2% 5% 4% 3% 1992-1997 6% 7% 8% 0% 1997-20022002-2005 Florida nonprofits Florida gross state product 7.2% 4.4% 4.1% 4.0 3.7 5.6 6.8 3.5 1.9 2.9 3.7 3.1 U.S. nonprofits U.S. GDP Annual Average % Change

22. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies GROWTH IN NONPROFIT EXPENDITURES, BY FIELD, FLORIDA VS. U.S. 1827% 50% Social advocacy Civic and social 100% Grantmaking & giving 250%200%150% Youth, social services Other education Arts, culture, recreation Other health Nursing homes Hospitals Higher education Not classified elsewhere Science and technology 97% 264% 233% 107% 196% 313% 176% 109% 167% 117% 160% 119% 155% 121% 114% 79% 63% 58% 38% 10% 0% 21% 134% Florida U.S. % change in expenditures 1992-2005 (inflation adjusted) 0% 350%300% All 70% → 60%

23. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies CHANGES IN FLORIDA EMPLOYMENT BY REGION, NON PROFIT VS. FOR-PROFIT 2002-2005 4% State Tampa Bay Region South Central 12%8% East Central North Central Northwest Northeast Southwest 7.0% 6.3% 8.8% 14.3% 7.7% Nonprofit For-profit Percent change in employment, 2002-2005 0% 16% 8.1% Southeast 6.8% 9.3% 9.4% 15.7% 8.5% 2%6%10%14% -2% 9.1% -0.1% 5.5% 7.2% 5.8% 8.6% 8.9%

24. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies A COMPETITION CHALLENGE FOR FLORIDA NONPROFITS? 60% 40% 20% 0% State total Religious, grantmaking, civic associations 7.0% 80% -20% 8.6% 3.0% 67.6% -12.3% 22.1% 1.4% Home health care service 22.7% 4.5% 16.3% Arts, entertainmt, recreation 2.4% 1.6% Higher education 87.4% 7.1% 19.8% Other education -4.3% 10.1% 19.7% Nursing and Residential care 2.5% -11.9% 18.9% 4.4% 6.9% 6.6% Youth development, human services, food, shelter Hospitals For-profit Nonprofit Public % of change in employment, 2002-2005

25. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NONPROFIT AS A PERCENT OF PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT BY FIELD IN FLORIDA, 2002 vs. 2005 10% 20% 50% 40% 30% State total 5.8% 5.7% 2002 2005 60% 70% 80% Higher education Hospitals Youth development, human services, food, shelter Nursing homes Civic organizations Home health Arts, culture, humanities, and recreation 84.2% 0% 90% 81.7% 65.6% 62.8% 52.1% 51.4% 31.6% 30.6% 23.1% 38.5% 20.9% 23.2% 4.5% 4.8% Percent of total private employment

26. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES IN FLORIDA, NONPROFIT, FOR-PROFIT, AND GOVERNMENT $668 Nonprofit $100 $200 $500 $400 $300 $600 $700 $800 $0 $900 $822 $642 $733 Local govState govFor-profit

27. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies COMPARATIVE AVERAGE WEEKLY WAGES OF NONPROFITS VS. FOR-PROFITS IN SELECTED SERVICE FIELDS, FLORIDA, 2005 $200 $400 $1000 $800 $600 $668 Nonprofit For-profit $1200 $1400 $0 $642 $1259 $1237 $798 $1000 $761$737$757 $551 $678 $540 $533 $502 $458 $475 $436 $537 $428 $348 $269 $342 State total Higher education Hospitals Home health Social advocacy organizations Nursing homes Arts, culture, humanities, and recreation Youth development, human services, food, shelter Civic and social organizations Science and technology Grantmaking and giving services

28. The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies A powerful engine for good CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS -$48 billion “industry” Even greater potentials The time is now. -4 th largest employer -Improve visibility/credibility -Boost giving and volunteering -Strengthen partnership w/government -Build capacity