1. Topic D Why do we have phobias? Introduction
GCSE Psychology
Topic D Why do we have phobias?
Introduction

2. What will we learn? What is a phobia?
What causes phobias - learning CC, SLT or evolution
Are phobias controlled by our biology or our environment?
How do people develop phobias and how can they be removed?
The ethics of using animals in research
The use of questionnaires in research
How phobias are treated
The job of a clinical psychologist
The ethics of two possible treatments for phobias – flooding and systematic desensitisation
Do phobias differ between cultures? Names of different phobias Different phobias have different causes

3. Learning objectives To learn about classical conditioning.
To learn the meanings of the terms ‘association’ and ‘generalisation’.
To look at how classical conditioning explains phobias.

4. TOP 100 Find the funniest Phobia
This activity will be judged on how much it makes me laugh!

5. Explaining Phobias Classical conditioning
Pavlov’s dogs

7. Classical conditioning and phobias
Read pages in Edexcel GCSE Psychology
Cut and Stick activity – use page 130 to help you. (or see next slide)

8. How does it work? Before conditioning Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
During conditioning
Bell: Neutral stimulus (NS)
Pairing
Food: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Salivation: unconditioned Response (UCR)
After conditioning
Bell: Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Salivation: Conditioned response (CR)

9. Classical conditioning and phobias
Define classical conditioning.
Describe the conditioning process in terms of the neutral stimulus (NS), the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), the unconditioned response (UCR) , the conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR).

10. Classical conditionings and phobias
4) Using an example, explain how classical conditioning can explain phobias. 5) What is generalisation? 6) Outline Watson and Rayner’s (1920) experiment on Little Albert. 7) What did they find? 8) Complete the story board on Watson and Raynor (1920)

11. Can phobias be changed?
8) What is extinction? 9) Can a phobia be changed? Explain your answer. 10) What is one trial learning? 11) Review – complete questions 1-3 from the bottom of page 131.

12. Homework
Look back over your notes about social learning theory (SLT) from Topic C.
How would SLT be used to explain phobias? Write three sentences to justify your answer.