1. [Image source: http://home.earthlink.net/~gfeldmeth/lec.1812.html]
War of 1812
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2. Causes of the War of 1812 British interference with American shipping:
-impressment of American sailors
-seizure of American goods
British support for Indians in the Northwest Territory

3. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 191.]
The Shawnee warrior Tecumseh worked to rally Native Americans to the common cause of repelling settlers moving into the Northwest Territory.
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 191.]

4. [Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 190.]
His brother, the Prophet Tenskwatawa, urged his followers to return to their traditional ways of life.
[Image source: America - Pathways to the Present, page 190.]

5. An army led by General William Henry Harrison defeated the Indians led by the Prophet at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

6. The War Hawks, people who favored war with Great Britain as a means to force them out of North America, were motivated by:
land hunger
impressment
Indian atrocities

7. Speaker of the House, Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky, was instrumental in getting the United States to declare war on Great Britain.
Henry Clay
( )
was secretary of state under John Quincy Adams and an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844
one of the most popular and influential political leaders in American history
-his genius in the art of compromise three times resolved bitter political conflicts that threatened to tear the nation apart, winning him the title The Great Pacificator
born on 12th April 1777 in Hanover County, Virginia, to a middle-class family
moved to Lexington, Kentucky, when he was 20 to practiced law
was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm both sexes with his easy, attractive manner
married into a wealthy and socially prominent family and soon gained entry into Kentucky's most influential circles
was elected to the state legislature while still in his 20s, in which he served for six years, until 1809
served intermittently in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1811 to 1825
-became one of the leading "War Hawks” -the young men whose clamor for hostilities with England helped bring about the War of during his first term
was selected as one of the commissioners who in 1814 negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, ending that war
[Source: "Clay, Henry," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.]
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8. He was assisted by Rep. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina.
John Caldwell Calhoun
( )
seventh vice president of the United States ( )
born on 18th March 1782 near Abbeville, South Carolina
educated at Yale College (now Yale University)
served in the South Carolina legislature
was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811
-served three terms
worked with Speaker of the House henry Clay to persuade the House to declare war on Great Britain in 1812
was secretary of war in the cabinet of President James Monroe 1817 to 1825
elected vice president of the U.S. in 1824 under President John Quincy Adams (was reelected in 1828, when Andrew Jackson won the presidency)
wrote an essay opposing the high tariff of 1828, which benefited the industrial North but adversely affected the slaveholding South
-asserted the right of the states to nullify federal laws
persuaded the South Carolina legislature to nullify the federal tariff acts of 1828 and Later in 1832 he
became the first U.S. vice president to resign (1832)
-was then named U.S. senator from South Carolina. A compromise tariff, proposed by Clay, resolved the nullification conflict.
[Source: "Calhoun, John Caldwell," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.]
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9. The United States Congress formally declared war on 18th June 1812.
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10. Many Americans fatuously believed that Canada could be “liberated” and made a state of the United States.

11. The American Fort Mackinac was captured before they received news that war had been declared.
The planned three-prong attack was actually executed in reverse-order, yielding disastrous results.

12. Tecumseh fought on the side of the British and was given the rank of general.

13. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Hull.html]
The United States invaded Canada across the Detroit River 12th July 1812.
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14. As a result of ineptitude on the part of American General Hull, and the use of psychological warfare on the part of the British, Detroit was surrendered.

15. One major reason for Hull’s failure was that the bulk of his army was composed of unreliable militia.

16. The British quickly capitalized on their initial victories.
Prairie du Chien
Fort Dearborn

17. Prairie du Chien was an important outpost in the fur trade of the Northwest Territory.

18. General Hull ordered the evacuation of Fort Dearborn.
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19. [Image source: http://www.chicagohs.org/AOTM/May98/may98fact1a.html]
The troops were ambushed 15th August 1812 as they marched around the southern end of Lake Michigan.
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20. The battle is remembered as the Fort Dearborn Massacre .
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21. The Territory of Illinois was left virtually defenseless.
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22. [Image source: http://www.rootsweb.com/~ilcumber/ilctybnd/il1812.htm]

23. The Honorable Ninian Edwards was the governor of the Illinois Territory during the War of 1812.

24. [Image source: http://jupiter.wvec.k12.in.us/battle/harrison.html]
In 1813, General William Henry Harrison assembled an army and invaded Upper Canada.
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25. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/eirie.html]
In order to invade Canada, America first needed to establish naval superiority on the Great Lakes.
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26. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/declares.html]
Commodore Perry’s victory in the Battle of Lake Erie 10th September 1813 paved the way for Harrison’s invasion of Upper Canada.
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27. Tecumseh was killed during the ensuing Battle of the Thames.
5th October 1813
Tecumseh was killed during the ensuing Battle of the Thames.

28. The American offensive on the Niagara Frontier was successfully parried by the British.

29. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/qheights.html]
American forces were defeated at the Battle of Queenston Heights 13th October 1812.
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30. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/york.html]
In April of 1813, American forces captured York, the capital of Upper Canada, and burned it to the ground.
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31. [Image source: http://www.pikespeaktravel.com/essays/pike.html]
One of the casualties was the promising career officer Brigadier General Zebulon Pike.
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32. [Image source: http://www.kcmuseum.com/explor05.html]

34. [Image source: http://www.militaryheritage.com/1812.htm]
During the winter of , the Americans succeeded in training a professional army on the banks of the Niagara River.
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35. Brigadier General Winfield Scott was largely responsible for training the new American army.

36. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/chippewa.html]
The American army succeeded in defeating the British at the Battle of Chippewa 5th July 1814.
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37. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/greyuniform.html]
One of the reasons for this is because the British mistook the grey-clad soldiers of Scott’s Brigade for militia.
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38. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Lundy.html]
The American victory was followed-up twenty days later with a victory at Lundy Lane 25th July 1814.
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39. The British attempted their own three-prong strategy in 1814 in an effort to bring the war to a swift conclusion.
British victories
American victories

40. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Washington.html]

41. Francis Scott Key
Francis Scoot Key was a lawyer who witnessed the bombing of Fort McHenry
During that time he wrote the Star-Spangled Banner
American forces were able to turn back British troops

42. The War of 1812
Many Americans disagreed with this war an named it “Mr. Madison War”
At the Hartford Convention New Englanders sent delegates to see if they could leave the nation
They did not leave, but there were amendments put into the constitution giving them more power

43. The Americans won the Battle of Lake Champlain in September 1814.
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44. [Image source: http://www.multied.com/1812/Champlain.html]

45. The Treaty of Ghent was signed 24th December 1814.
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46. The Battle of New Orleans was fought after the treaty was signed.
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47. [Image source: http://members.tripod.com/~war1812/jackson.html]
General Andrew Jackson’s victory at New Orleans propelled him to national prominence.
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48. Results of War of 1812 combatants return to pre-war borders
psychological umbilical cord with Great Britain cut
acceptance of America as a nation
Panic of 1819

49. The Missouri Compromise
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established that no state northwest of the Ohio River could be a slave state
Missouri was not covered by this because it wasn’t northwest of the Ohio River
The North objected because they did not want to increase the power of the South

50. The Missouri Compromise
The South replied that the federal gov’t had no business dictating to states what they could and could not do
In 1820 was signed to law slavery would be permitted in Missouri
Maine would be admitted as a free state
Congress established the 36/30 line

51. Missouri Compromise
1. Slavery permitted in Missouri while Maine was carved out of Massachusetts
2. New states admitted north of north would be free states