1. Pressure reducing valve By Dr. Ahmed Mostafa Assist. Prof. of anesthesia & I.C.U.

3. Are used to regulate the gas pressure and are not appropriate for measuring flow rates. The high pressure inside gas cylinders is reduced by a pressure regulator before connection to equipment such as an anesthetic machine.

4. Function 1- Easy adjustment of gas flow rates. 2- Allow steady flow rates. 3- Prevents equipment damage.

6. Types 1- Single stage valve: Suitable for anesthesia machines and O2 therapy equipments. 2- two stage valve: -A two reducing valves arranged in serious. -Suitable for laboratory instruments, some anesthesia machines and pneumatic ventilators.

8. Types 3- Demand valve: -Supply the gas to the patient during inspiration only. -It is suitable for Entonox cylinders and breathing apparatuses for firemen.

9. ?

10. Thank you Dr. Ahmed Mostafa