Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

NETWORKING CONCEPTS. Data Communication Communication is for sharing information Sharing can be local or remote Local communication between individuals.

Published byBrett Moore Modified over 8 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "NETWORKING CONCEPTS. Data Communication Communication is for sharing information Sharing can be local or remote Local communication between individuals."— Presentation transcript:

1 NETWORKING CONCEPTS

2 Data Communication Communication is for sharing information Sharing can be local or remote Local communication between individuals is face to face Remote communication takes place over distance Telecommunication means communication at a distance includes telephony,telegraphyetc

3 Data-refers to information presented in whatever form agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data. Data communication –Exchange of data b/w two devices through some form of transmission medium such as wire cable.

4 SIMPLIFIED NETWORK MODEL Networks: Computer network A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cables However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals

5 The generic term node or host refers to any device on a network Node can be a computer,printer,or any other device capable of sending or receiving data generated by other node on the network Data transfer rate The speed with which data is moved from one place on a network to another

6 Distributed Processing Most n/w use distributed processing. Ie.a task is divided among multiple computers Instead of one single large m/c responsible for all aspects of a process,separate computer handles a subset

7 Network Cryteria A n/w must meet a no of cryterias 1. Performance 2. Reliability 3. Security

8 Performance Measured in different ways like 1.Transit Time 2. Response time Transit Time: Amount of time required for a message to travel from one device to another Response Time Elapsed time between an enquiry and a response

9 Performance depends on no of factors including no of users,type of transmission medium,capabilities of connected h/w,efficiency of s/w etc. Performance is evaluated by using measures like 1.Throughput 2.Delay We need more throughput and less delay when we send more data to n/w we can increase the throughput but increase in delay due to congestion in n/w

10 Reliability Measured by frquency of failure,the time take a link to recover from a failure Security Security issues include protecting data from unauthorized access,damage,implementing policies and procedures for recovery from data losses

11 Simplified Network Model

12 PHYSICAL STRUCTURES Types of Connection n/w is 2 or more devices connected through links Link is a connecting pathway that transfers data from one device to other Imagine link as a line drawn b/w 2 points For communication to occur the two devices must be connected to same link at the same time

13 2 possible type of connection Point to point Provides dedicated link between 2 devices Entire capacity is reserved for transmission between those two devices Multi Point Also called multi drop connection More than specific device share a single link Capacity of channel is shared

14 Point to Point and Multipoint

15 PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY Refers to way in which a n/w is laid out physically 2 or more devices connect to a link 2 or more links form a topology ie. Topology means it is a representation of relationship of all the links and linking devices(nodes) to one another

16 CATEGORIES OF TOPOLOGY MESH STAR BUS RING

17 CATEGORIES OF TOPOLOGY

18 MESH TOPOLOGY Every device has dedicated point to point link to every other device The link carry traffic only b/w the two devices it connects In a mesh n/w no of links with n nodes is n(n-1) If physical link is in duplex mode we need n(n-1)/2 duplex mode links

19 MESH TOPOLOGY WITH 5 DEVICES

20 MESH TOPOLOGY Advantages Use of dedicated link guarantees that each connection can carry its own data load and thus eliminates traffic problems that can occur when links must be shared by multiple devices Roubst: if one link become unusable it does not in capacitate entire system Privacy/Security:every message travels only through dedicated line.only intended recipient can see it

21 MESH TOPOLOGY Advantages Point to point link makes fault identification and fault isolation easy Traffic can be routed to avoid links with suspected problems This facility enables n/w manager to discover the precise location of the fault & aids in finding the cause and solution

22 MESH TOPOLOGY Disadvantages Amount of cabling and I/O ports are very high because each device must be connected to each device and also installation and reconnection are difficult Bulk wiring is greater than available space h/w for connecting I/O ports is expensive

23 STAR TOPOLOGY Each device has a dedicated point to point link to a central controller usually called a hub Devices are not directly linked to one another Does not allow direct traffic b/w devices If one device wants to send data to other it sends data to controller and then send data to other device

24 STAR TOPOLOGY

25 Advantages Each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect to it to any no of others.So it is easy to install and reconfigure Less cabling is needed. Addition and deletion involve only one connection. Between device and hub Robstness If one link fails other links are active,only one is affected Help easy fault identification and fault isolation

26 STAR TOPOLOGY Disadvantages Depending to one single point known as hub If hub is down whole system is down

27 BUS TOPOLOGY A multipoint connection One long cable act as a backbone to link all devices in a n/w

28 BUS TOPOLOGY Nodes are connected to bus cable by drop lines and taps Dropline: connection running b/w device and main cable Tap: Connector that splices into the main cable

29 BUS TOPOLOGY Advantages Ease of installation Less cabling than mesh ie. Backbone cable can be laid along the most efficient path,then connected to nodes by droplines of various lengths

30 BUS TOPOLOGY Disadvantages Difficult reconnection and fault isolation A bus is usually designed to be optimally efficient at installation so it is difficult to add devices Signal reflection at the tap can cause degradation in quality This degradation can be controlled by limiting no and spacing of devices connected to backbone so, Adding new devices include changing backbone Fault or break in bus cable stops all transmission

31 RING TOPOLOGY Each device has a dedicated point to point connection with only the two devices on either side of it A signal is passed along the ring in one direction from device to device until it reaches destination Each device in the ring incorporates a repeater When a device receives a signal intended for another device its repeater regenerates the bits and passes them along.

32 RING TOPOLOGY

33 Advantages Easy to install and configure Each device is connected to only its immediate neighbour To add or delete a device requires changing only 2 connections Fault isolation is easy Generally a signal is circulating all times.if one device does not receive a signal within a specified period it can issue an alarm The alarm alerts the n/w operator and its isolation

34 RING TOPOLOGY Disadvantages A break in a ring (eg:disabled station) can disable the entire n/w

35 HYBRID TOPOLOGY

Download ppt "NETWORKING CONCEPTS. Data Communication Communication is for sharing information Sharing can be local or remote Local communication between individuals."

Similar presentations

Data Communications and Networking

Data Communications and Networking
COMPUTER NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

COMPUTER NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Computer Network Topologies

Computer Network Topologies
Nilesh Agre Wedashree Jalukar Neelima Shahi Group Members.

Nilesh Agre Wedashree Jalukar Neelima Shahi Group Members.
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies,
1 Network Concepts Rong Wang CGS3285 School of Computer Science University of Central Florida Spring2004.

1 Network Concepts Rong Wang CGS3285 School of Computer Science University of Central Florida Spring2004.
Physical Structures Before discussing networks, we need to define some network attributes. Type of Connection 1- Point-to-Point 2- point-to-Multi point.

Physical Structures Before discussing networks, we need to define some network attributes. Type of Connection 1- Point-to-Point 2- point-to-Multi point.
CSC 242 Introduction to Telecommunications Systems

CSC 242 Introduction to Telecommunications Systems
Network Basics and Concepts

Network Basics and Concepts
Topology “The Topology is the geometric representation of the relationship of the links and linking devices” OR “Topology defines physical or logical arrangement.

Topology “The Topology is the geometric representation of the relationship of the links and linking devices” OR “Topology defines physical or logical arrangement.
What is a network? A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs) , exchange.

What is a network? A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs) , exchange.
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts Line Configuration Topology Transmission Mode Categories of Networks Internetworks WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Based on Data Communications and Networking, 4 th Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan Chapter 1 Introduction.

Based on Data Communications and Networking, 4 th Edition. by Behrouz A. Forouzan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Dr. Mznah Al-Rodhaan Chapter 1 Introduction.
1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction Lecture # 1 – 2 Ali Mustafa.

1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction Lecture # 1 – 2 Ali Mustafa.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking PART.

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking PART.
Network topology.

Network topology.
Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU1 Chapter 8 Communications and Networks.

Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU1 Chapter 8 Communications and Networks.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking UNIT I UNIT I.

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking UNIT I UNIT I.
Network Topology. Physical Topology The term physical topology refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically. Two or more devices connect.

Network Topology. Physical Topology The term physical topology refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically. Two or more devices connect.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY. WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY?  Network Topology is the shape or physical layout of the network. This is how the computers and other devices.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY. WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY?  Network Topology is the shape or physical layout of the network. This is how the computers and other devices.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google