4.  What is Chronic?  What is Trained?  Hypertrophy is not the only factor  Sometimes hypertrophy isn’t warranted  SAID principle

5.  Strength:Bodyweight Sports  Strength Athletics  Track and Field  Combat Sports  Field Sports  Swimming  Life

6.  Short Term Adapations to Training:  Increase Motor Unit Recruitment  Pattern Acquisition  Changes in H-reflex activity  Decrease in Inhibitory Resistance (GTO, Antagonist Activity)  Increase Synergist Assistance  Increase High Threshold MU Recruitment  Increase Motor Unit Syncronization (minimal effect)

7.  Do these adaptations just stop?  A plateau is observed in research and in the field. However, training is consistently varied from stimulus, volume, load, etc. So improvements can be continued.

8.  Acute Adaptations Continue to a greater degree.  Motor Units  High Threshold  Firing Frequency  Conduction Velocity  Spinal Cord Plasticity  Interneuron Circuitry

9.  Supraspinal Activity  Trained maximize activation  Simple vs. Complex Movements  Proposed that complex movements have a much larger window for adaptation  Motor Unit coordination now a much bigger factor

10.  Strength is Relative to the Task  80% MVC Isomentric Contraction of Elbow Flexor vs. Lifting a 400 lb stone  Training age:  Experience = need for specificity  Experience = less dramatic response  With proper periodization of training performance can continue to improve.

11.  Research is needed in the area  There is evidence that neurological changes continue to occur throughout the training age of a strength athlete when training necessitates a large neural contribution (high load/speed training)  Understanding these changes will allow for a better understanding of training application and progression

12.  What is/are neurological adaptations to resistance training that would allow for increased strength?  A. Increased Inhibitory activity of spinal interneurons  B. Increased supraspinal activation  C. Increased High Threshold Motor Unit activation  D. Both B and C

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