1. Las Delicias, El Salvador Water Supply Project Implementation Proposal Phase I Trip Dates: May 2012 Presented to TAC: March 7, 2012

2. Presentation Outline Overview of Las Delicias Community Current Water Supply System and Challenges Proposed Improvement to Water System – Phase I (May 2012) New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline – Phase II (Fall 2012) New pump Improvements to distribution system Logistics and Implementation

3. Las Delicias, El Salvador Las Delicias

4. Las Delicias, El Salvador Community Facts – ~600 homes, 2700 residents – 15 miles NW of San Salvador – On Western Slopes of Volcan San Salvador – Homes Spread Out, but Las Delicias is Bordered by Several Similar Communities – Water Storage & Piping System installed 20 years ago With Water Delivery by Truck – Well and Pump Installed < 5 years ago – Residents are Poor (<$10/week income) – Community Well-Organized through Adesco and NGOs (FIAT & FIMRC) – Able to spend about $5 per household on water each month Project History Project FIAT and FIMRC have been active in Las Delicias for > 5 years Initial Contact with Project FIAT January 2009 Application to EWB-USA March 2009 Project Approved May 2009 Preliminary Assessment Visit July 2009 First Assessment Trip July 2010 Second Assessment Trip November 2011

6. Map of Las Delicias Water System DOWNHILL

7. Current Las Delicias Water Supply & Storage System Pump Runs 6 Hours a day 4 days/week  ~ 26 hr/wk. Pump flow rate: 175-200 GPM.

8. 260 Homes Served by Tanque 3 33 Homes Served by Tanque 2 291 Homes Served by Tanque 1 DOWNHILL Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated

9. Summary of Existing Water System

10. Challenges to Las Delicias Water Supply System High electric cost – Typical ADESCO revenue from water fee ~$2300/mo – Typical monthly cost for water system ~$2000/mo (mostly electicity ~$1500/mo) – Pumps run about 26 hr/wk – Not taking advantage of nightime off-peak rates – Power factor on pumps leads to monthly fine Inequitable water distribution – Some homes report receiving water <1x/week and low flowrates – “Valvulero” controls distribution via valves to zones (“Tramo”) throughout community – Large number of new homes at low elevation Culture of scarcity where residents hoard water when it is flowing Water Quality: – Effectiveness of in-line chlorination is not clear

11. Electric Bill Monthly Income for Las Delicias ADESCO Water System Expenses

12. Alternatives Analysis Summary Drilling another well ($3500 for hydrogeological study) Solar power for pump (eliminated due to cost >$50K) Additional tank locations (three considered – current location on public land and co-located with current tank) VFD (variable frequency drive – does not add much efficiency)

13. Proposed Updates to Las Delicias Water System Objectives – Utilize existing and new tank at intermediate elevation to supply water to lower half of Las Delicias – With new pump and supply line  reduced electricity costs – Improved distribution system  more equitable water supply to all homes (especially at lower elevations) Phase I (May 2012) – New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation – New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline Phase II (Fall 2012) – New pump – Improvements to distribution system – Improving power factor for pump via capacitors? – Enabling pumping during nighttime to take advantage of lower rates

14. 117 Homes Served by Tanque 3 33 Homes Served by Tanque 2 154 Homes Served by Tanque 1 Proposed Water Distribution System 280 Homes Served by New Tank DOWNHILL

15. Modified water system

16. Summary of potential changes in water distribution system CURRENT SYSTEM Storage – Tanque 1: 35,000 gal – Tanque 2: 11,000 gal – Tanque 3: 25,000 gal Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm, ~3 days per week Spring supplies water to Tanque 2 (and other tanques) Homes serviced by Tanques 1.291 2.33 3.260 PROPOSED MODIFICATION Storage – Tanque 1: 35,000 gal – Tanque 2: 11,000 gal – Tanque 3: 25,000 gal – New Tank: 28,600 gal Current 65 HP Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm New pump supplies water to new tank at 175 gpm with much lower head Homes serviced by Tanques 1.154 2.33 3.117 New: 280 New tank reduces demand of water from Tanques 1&2 (which require high head) by roughly 50%

17. Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity DOWNHILL Exisiting 11,000 gallon tank

18. Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity NEW SUPPLY LINE 1 NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2a NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2b NEW TANK A B C D E F DOWNHILL

19. New Tank Design – Location and Coupling with Old Tank

20. Design of New Tank – 3D view of Block/Rebar construction

21. Tank Design response to J. Knight concerns Concrete block vs poured concrete. Block recommended by Daniel Rivera. Assumed strength of concrete (2000-3000 psi acceptable) Tank seal at base of wall

22. Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity NEW SUPPLY LINE 1 NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2a NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2b NEW TANK A B C D E F DOWNHILL Design of Additional Pipelines for - supplying water to tank - distributing water

23. A B C 105 m 240 m D 638 m 640 m 643 m 651 m Elevation: 640 m 655 m Supply Pipe 1 Pipe Profile NEW TANK Tee connect to 6” pipe Gate Valve 45° Elbow 90° Elbow with anchor Gate Valve 90° Elbow Pipe Exit PIPE FITTINGS Tee with Manual Air release valve Tee with Manual drain valve Road Crossing

24. Estimate of head losses in supply pipe 1 (smooth PVC) 4” PVC sufficient to keep major and minor losses to <10% of the elevation change

25. Supply Pipe 1 Trenching Based on recommendations from EWB Water Resource Guidelines and advice from Tony Sauder: – 70 cm trench depth (45 cm depth acceptable except in road crossing) with pipe buried below 50 cm – 10 cm bedding (2-12 mm soil) if stones/rocks present in trench – Back-fill with soil that is free of lumps, from stones (>3 cm), and from organic matter – PVC pipe joined in trench and cure for >10 hr prior to pressurizing. Keep joints exposed to check for leaks. Expansion joints not necessary – For road crossing, may bury PVC pipe inside steel or concrete pipe (ID > diameter of PVC joints); final decision to be made in the field after evaluating potential for erosion 70 cm trench depth 10 cm bedding 10 cm 50 cm

26. Valve Boxes Design options – Obtain pre-cast valve boxes with lockable lids locally – Build from bricks and mortar with metal lids Specifications – 4” Pipe centered about 55 cm below ground level – Box should extend 10 cm above ground level – Internal dimensions roughly 45cmx45cm – Place support under valve Photos of current valve boxes installed in Las Delicias

27. Thrust Anchors for Elbows &Tees From Russ Turner, Tetratech

28. Summary of May 2012 Implementation

29. Summary of Finances for Implementation Include contribution from community to construction, etc.

30. Logistics and Implementation Plan

31. Schedule for Implementation BRIAN

32. Contingency Plans (worst case scenarios) for Implementation

33. Material Procurement Emphasize connections through Project FIAT

34. Plans for Phase II Implementation (Fall 2012)

35. Metrics Increase water supply by ~20% Increase in % of homes receiving sufficient water (at least 2x per week)

36. Concluding Remarks