1. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - An Introduction
Earth’s energy budget
Cellular energy (ATP)
Mitochondria
Solar energy
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and life

2. Cellular Respiration

3. 30% Reflected by Clouds or Earth’s Surface
19% Absorbed by Atmosphere and Clouds
0.023% absorbed by plants

4. Cell Currency (Payment)
Currency = Energy = ATP
We use currency (money) everyday in order to do things like buy food
Cells use currency (ATP) to perform 1000’s of chemical reactions every second to keep them alive

5. ATP (Energy/Currency for the Cell)
In order to keep the cell alive, it must perform 1000’s of reactions EVERY SECOND. Every reaction needs energy (ATP)
ATP is created during cellular respiration inside the Mitochondria

6. Cellular Respiration
The process where sugar (glucose) is converted into carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP)
The organism uses this energy to do everything
Occurs in the mitochondria

7. Mitochondria "Powerhouse of the cell”
Cells that use a lot of energy have more mitochondria (i.e. muscle cells, brain cells)

8. Photosynthesis

9. Solar Energy
Solar cells convert light energy directly into electrical energy to work your TV, fan, etc.
Plants do something similar. They convert light energy into chemical energy (sugar) which the organism can use to move, talk, run, etc.

10. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are located inside plants
They contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green color and also allows them to absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy in the form of sugar
This process is called Photosynthesis

11. Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen
Photosynthesis
Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cells
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

12. Photosynthesis
+ Sugar (Glucose)

13. Chlorophyll is a Pigment
Chlorophyll is the most important pigment (color) present in plants.
Other pigments are also present in the leaf.
Carotenoids
(orange / red)
Xanthophylls
(yellow / brown)

14. Why are plants green?

15. Light Light we see comes in a spectrum from purple to red
Different substances absorb different colors depending on their structure
Colors that the substance doesn’t absorb, it reflects. We see that reflection as the objects color

17. Chlorophyll
Is a pigment that absorbs blue and red light but reflects green. The light is reflected into our eyes giving plants a green colour
High absorption
Low absorption/High reflection

18. How do plants use light?
Chlorophyll pigments absorb blue and red regions of the spectrum. They reflect the green regions
*Note* - reflecting green light also helps keep the plant cool

19. Carotenoids (other accessory pigments)
Other accessory pigments (called carotenoids) also absorb light energy. They absorb green and reflect yellow-to-red light. This gives them a yellow-red colour

20. Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall?
There is one other main pigment found in plants, Xanthophylls. They reflect yellow/brown light
As the most abundant pigment, chlorophyll is what gives leaves their green color in spring and summer.

21. Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall?
During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. Therefore, the trees cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves.
The green chlorophyll pigment disappears from the leaves leaving the other pigments behind. As the green fades away, we see the yellows, oranges, reds and browns. Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along we just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.

22. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Notice Anything?
Cellular Respiration

23. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
What is created in one reaction is used up in the other reaction!

24. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are Connected
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration video

25. To Photosynthesize, or not to Photosynthesize, that is the question
Many organisms cannot photosynthesize (done by plants) they are called consumers
Consumers – an organism that obtains its energy from consuming other organisms
To obtain usable energy from food, consumers undergo cellular respiration.
THEREFORE…..

26. Photosynthesis and Life
We completely rely on the Sun!
No Sun = No Photosynthesis = No Food for plants = No Food for animals = No food for larger animals
No Sun = No life on Earth
This is the basis behind the dinosaur extinction

27. Dinosaur Extinction
A HUGE asteroid is thought to have hit Earth near Mexico 65 million years ago which sent up so much dust that it actually blocked the Sun for many years.
No Sun = No Food = No more dinosaurs

28. Thinking Map
Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast Cellular Respiration with Photosynthesis.