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PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

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Presentation on theme: "PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing."— Presentation transcript:

1 PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART A 7 The Nervous System

2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the Nervous System  Sensory input—gathering information  Integration

3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the Nervous System  Motor output  The response activates

4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the Nervous System Figure 7.1

5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structural Classification of the Nervous System  Central nervous system (CNS)  Peripheral nervous system (PNS)  Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

6 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System  Sensory (afferent) division  Motor (efferent) division

7 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organization of the Nervous System Figure 7.2

8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System  Motor (efferent) division (continued)  Two subdivisions

9 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Support cells in the CNS are grouped together as “neuroglia”  Function:

10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Astrocytes

11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Figure 7.3a

12 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Microglia

13 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Figure 7.3b

14 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Ependymal cells  Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord  Circulate cerebrospinal fluid

15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Figure 7.3c

16 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Oligodendrocytes  Wrap around nerve fibers

17 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Figure 7.3d

18 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells  Satellite cells  Schwann cells

19 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Figure 7.3e

20 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons  Neurons  Cells specialized to transmit messages  Major regions of neurons  Cell body  Processes

21 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons  Cell body  Nissl substance  Neurofibrils

22 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons Figure 7.4

23 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons  Cell body  Processes outside the cell body  Dendrites  Axons

24 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons Figure 7.4

25 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons  Axons end  Axonal terminals  Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap  Synaptic Cleft  Synapse

26 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons  Myelin  Schwann cells  Nodes of Ranviergaps

27 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue: Neurons Figure 7.5

28 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neuron Cell Body Location  Most neuron cell bodies are found in the central nervous system  Gray matter—  Nuclei  Ganglia—

29 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Neurons  Sensory (afferent) neurons  Cutaneous sense organs  Proprioceptors  Motor (efferent) neurons

30 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Neurons Figure 7.7

31 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Neurons  Interneurons (association neurons)  Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system  Connect sensory and motor neurons

32 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neuron Classification Figure 7.6

33 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.8a Structural Classification of Neurons  Multipolar neurons—many extensions from the cell body

34 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structural Classification of Neurons  Bipolar neurons—one axon and one dendrite Figure 7.8b

35 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structural Classification of Neurons  Unipolar neurons—have a short single process leaving the cell body Figure 7.8c

36 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Properties of Neurons  Irritability  Conductivity

37 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses  Resting neuron  Depolarization  The exchange of ions initiates an action potential in the neuron

38 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses Figure 7.9a–b

39 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses  Action potential

40 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses Figure 7.9c–d

41 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses  Repolarization  Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in  The sodium-potassium pump

42 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Impulses Figure 7.9e–f

43 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses  Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve  Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal  The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter

44 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Neurotrans- mitter binds to receptor on receiving neuron’s membrane Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron Receptor Neurotransmitter Na + Neurotransmitter broken down and released Ion channel opensIon channel closes

45 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 1 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron

46 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 2 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron

47 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 3 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron

48 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 4 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Neurotrans- mitter binds to receptor on receiving neuron’s membrane Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron

49 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 5 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Neurotrans- mitter binds to receptor on receiving neuron’s membrane Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron Receptor Neurotransmitter Na + Ion channel opens

50 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 6 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Neurotrans- mitter binds to receptor on receiving neuron’s membrane Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron Receptor Neurotransmitter Na + Neurotransmitter broken down and released Ion channel opensIon channel closes

51 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Transmission of a Signal at Synapses Figure 7.10, step 7 Axon terminal Vesicles Synaptic cleft Action potential arrives Synapse Axon of transmitting neuron Receiving neuron Neurotrans- mitter is re- leased into synaptic cleft Neurotrans- mitter binds to receptor on receiving neuron’s membrane Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules Ion channels Receiving neuron Transmitting neuron Receptor Neurotransmitter Na + Neurotransmitter broken down and released Ion channel opensIon channel closes

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