1. 1 IETF – ENUM US Government Briefing Richard Shockey IETF ENUM Work Group Chair Senior Technical Industry Liaison NeuStar, Inc. 1120 Vermont Avenue N.W. Washington DC, 20005 rich.shockey@neustar.com 202.533.2811

2. 2 Who is NeuStar? North American Numbering Plan Administrator Manages all Telephone Numbers US Number Portability Administration Permits Telephone Numbers to be “ported” from one carrier to another. Number Pooling Administration in many states.BIZ TLD award winner at ICANN with Melbourne IT of Australia [ NeuLevel ] www.neustar.com

3. 3 Problem Statement Problem Statement How do you find services on the Internet if you only have a telephone number [E.164]? – Why …Telephone Numbers are easy to use… – Why …Several billion devices have TN key pads. How can we enable new IP services while creating new competitive markets and protect consumer choice,etc? How can consumers and carriers have equal access to these new opportunities? How do we create a trusted TN based resource for information about those services? How do you make this simple, easy to use, without “reinventing the wheel”?

4. 4 Solution ENUM / DNS Directory Service Solution ENUM / DNS Directory Service Put telephone numbers into the global Domain Name System [DNS] ENUM WG formed and operates within in the Internet Engineering Task Force – Core protocol work completed - RFC2916 RFC2916 defines the use of DNS resource records to find optional : – E-mail addresses – Voice over IP SIP / H.323 servers – Voice Mail servers – Fax Machines – New and yet undefined services !

5. 5 Why DNS? Why DNS? It’s there... – It works... It’s global... It scales... It’s fast... It’s open. ENUM enabled DNS creates a low cost, shared Service Control Point like infrastructure for IP services Goal – Telephone Number IN …. URL out Key to all TN related services offered by providers over IP ENUM is the tip of the PSTN – IP Convergence

6. 6 How Does ENUM Work? How Does ENUM Work? Take a fully qualified E.164 telephone number and create a DNS entry in a single highly defined and structured domain. The search for resources on the internet associated with + 1 202-533-2811 becomes a DNS look up to: 1.1.8.2.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa – The e164.arpa domain was selected by the Internet Architecture Board specifically for this purpose with the concurrence of the ITU – Single domain structure under e164.arpa becomes the authoritative “root” for telephone numbers

7. 7 Simple ENUM Flow Chart SIP Proxies ENUM Global Directory (DNS) Equates 1(202) 533-2811 to sip:rich.shockey@carrier.net to enable Voice over IP using SIP Proxy Queries DNS for SIP Address based on TN Internet DNS

8. 8 What ENUM is not…. ENUM is not about carrier selection (selection of carrier within a given service type) ENUM is not about telecom bypass – An alternative to circuit switched technology ENUM does not change the Numbering Plan – ENUM does not change ITU-E.164 – ENUM does not change telephony numbering or its assignments in anyway – ENUM does not exhaust the NANP May conserve numbering resources ENUM is NOT about 911 services Opt-In system minimizes Privacy issues Consumer Name and Address not exposed to Net

9. 9 How Does ENUM Work? How Does ENUM Work?  Input: $ORIGIN. 1.1.8.2.3.3.5.2.0.2.1.e164.arpa  Output: NAPTR RR response  In this response the preferred contact method is SIP ord pr fl service re replacement IN NAPTR 10 10 "u" "sip+E2U" "!^.*$!sip:rich.shockey@carrier.net!". IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "mailto+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:rich.shockey@neustar.com!". IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" “fax-t37+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:faxmachine4@neustar.com!". IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "tel+E2U“ "!^.*$!tel:+12025332811 !". Note: Consumers do not see this process ! ENUM protocol imbedded in devices and proxies.

10. 10 ENUM DNS Hierarchy – A Model e164.arpa 1.e164.arpa 4.3. 2.1.3.3.5.2.0.2.1. e164.arpa->NAPTRs (ldap://ldap.z1.com) PROXY OR DATABASE *.9.9.9.1. e164.arpa Based on country-code Delegated to nation-states x.x.x.1. e164.arpa y.y.y.1. e164.arpa... Non-US NPAs US NPAs Tier 1 (One Administrator per country) Tier 2 (Designated by the end user) 4.3.2.1.3.3.5.2.0.2.1. e164.arpa->y1.com Tier 3 (Depending on the service. SIP- Voice Mail ) Tier 1 :Who is the subscriber designated authority for a given phone number? In the US this should resolve to the full 10 digits to satisfy portability concerns. Tier 2: What services are available for a specific phone number. Use DNS resource records to provision services. RR’s can be hosted by service providers, enterprises or individuals. RIPE CC – Based in Europe

11. 11 Applications Internet ENUM Directory Telephony Networks Enabled Applications Voice over IP Unified Messaging Instant Messaging IP Fax Personal Web Pages E.164 Numbers 10 Digit 10 Digit 800 800 International International Private Networks Internet Domain Name Addresses DNS

12. 12 Implementation Issues Protocol Work is done and approved as IETF RFC 2916 IETF – ITU Agree on delegation model - Liaison Statement issued by Study Group 2 – Nation State control by Country Code – ITU will insure that Member States have authorized the inclusion of their Country Code in e164.arpa – ITU to coordinate with RIPE NCC as the Root But ITU is not in “Control” of e164.arpa – IETF - ITU jointly work together in moving forward How are the National Delegation Servers for each country to be managed? Operational Requirements Regulatory Requirements

13. 13 Next Steps… Industry Input needed from both Carriers and Vendor Community – Technical Put ENUM capable DNS Resolver into Internet Telephony Products Create ENUM / DNS Operational Metrics Security - Redundancy – Administrative Policy Operations – Verifying the identity of the subscriber for ENUM services – Validating ENUM data for potential users (E.164 number and list of services and preferences) – Provisioning the data to the servers – Telecom Industry Understands this class of resource

14. 14 Next Steps… Discussion today w/ U.S. Government representatives on how to move forward.. Quickly US Government has sufficient authority to act Educational Process Ongoing Policy Option Development – Existing Policy models in the PSTN offer guidance to : Promote Consistency with existing Number Plan and Portability requirements Prevent Number Slamming Prevent Number Hijacking Protect Consumers Equal Access to RR’s by all carriers and service providers International Regulators to be briefed – This is not a US issue only – Upcoming ITU Seminar Geneva Jan 18

15. 15 ENUM Resources ENUM Charter http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/enum-charter.html ENUM Core Protocol ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2916.txt ENUM WG Requirements http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-rqmts-01.txt ENUM Call Flows http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lind-enum-callflows-01.txt ENUM Operations Issues http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-enum-operation-01.txt ENUM Administration in the United States http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfautz-yu-enum-adm-00.txt Voice Profile for Internet Mail ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2421.txt

16. 16 ENUM Resources IETF-ITU Liaison Statement http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-itu-sg2-liason-enum-01.txt NAPTR Resource Records ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2915.txt A DDDS Database Using The Domain Name System http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-dns-ddds-database-01.txt Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-ddds-02.txt URI Resolution using the Dynamic Delegation Discovery System http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ draft-ietf-urn-uri-res-ddds-01.txt

17. 17 NeuStar view.. ENUM IS Convergence – Will increase competition in telecom markets – “Great leap” for convergence ENUM fulfills the potential of IP networks – NeuStar and the industry can begin a trials anytime ENUM must have a single, “golden” database for the U.S. – DNS permits only one “authoritative” root – one administrator at first level – unlimited databases at lower, applications level

18. 18 NeuStar view…. U.S. Government should internally decide on a contracting agency and submit an RFP for ENUM Administration in the US as soon as practical in free, fair and open competitive process – Commercial Companies w/ capital resources Goals for Administration – Promote U.S. Commercial interests – Continue U.S. Internet Leadership – Protection of Consumer interests System must be designed to assure security consumer choice Well-designed system can protect against hijacking, slamming and cramming, minimizing regulatory involvement Equal access provisions for multiple third party service creation