1. Centering the Knowledge Periphery through Open Access Leslie Chan Bioline International International Studies and New Media studies University of Toronto at Scarborough ARL Membership Meeting: The International Dimensions of Digital Science and Scholarship Ottawa, Canada May 17-19, 2006

2. Issues Current state of knowledge production and access to knowledge in the developing world Will Open Access bridge the knowledge gap between the North and the South? Lessons from Bioline International

3. Arthur J. Carty National Science Advisor to the Prime Minister International Association of Technological University Libraries, Quebec 31 May 2005

4. “African countries need to have in place appropriate mechanisms and infrastructure for training and exploitation of knowledge. This will enable them to make meaningful evidence-based policy, in order adequately to address local needs and participate in the international community on science and technology issues.” Network of the African Science Academies and the science academies from the G8 countries (2005) http://www.scidev.net/pdffiles/jointstatement.pdf Challenges

5. Disparity in scientific output The G8 countries account for ~85% of most cited articles indexed in ISI The other 126 countries (mostly in the developing world) account for ~2.5 % (King, 2004) But ISI’s Science Citation Index has serious biases

6. Dominant Model of Knowledge Dissemination From the Centre to Periphery invisible knowledge Perpetual the cycle of poverty and dependence HINARI/ AGORA

7. The 10-90 Gap 10% of the global health research spending is allocated to diseases affecting 90% of the world population So how relevant is scientific knowledge generated in the North for health and development in the developing world?

8. Lown and Banerjee (2006) The Developing World in The NJM

9. Flow of information North to South is important for South South to South is also important as contexts are more relevant Is South to North important for North? Definitely yes: –Tropical and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, malaria, etc. –Alternative including herbal medicine –Epidemiological data –Epidemics and new diseases –Biodiversity for global understanding

10. International collaboration International collaborations result in higher citation impact What about researchers in the developing countries?

11. Journals from developing world Limited circulation Poor visibility and readership Limited recognition Fewer citations Fewer authors and subscriptions Circle of limited accessibility

12. Dominant Model of Knowledge Dissemination From the Centre to Periphery invisible knowledge Stopping the cycle of poverty and dependence

13. Open access enable Peer-to-Peer sharing … and new model of Knowledge creation, Sharing, and Dissemination

14. But need to better understand Barriers to access Modes of knowledge creation Cultures of sharing

15. Bioline International http://www.bioline.org.brhttp://www.bioline.org.br “… the small deal”

16. What is Bioline International? Electronic aggregator of full text journals from developing countries OAI data provider Serve as open access platform for journals without the necessary infrastructure A South-North collaboration

17. Bioline International Development - using open source software and open standards Advocacy - Aims to influence scholarly communication practices and access to research literature Research - Will open access improve the visibility and impact of journals from developing countries? How effective are research libraries in enabling international collaboration?

18. Core Partners EPT, UK CRIA, Brazil http://www.cria.org.brhttp://www.cria.org.br UT, Canada

19. Funding Support University of Toronto Libraries Department of Social Sciences, U of T at Scarborough Open Society Institute, Information Access Program

20. Publishing Partners Scholarly and Scientific societies from 17 countries Research centres in biology and medicine, university-based publications, All non-profit and willing to experiment with free online access Most are supported by local subsidies and international aids

21. Meta-data exchange and dissemination partners Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) - http://www.doaj.org/ http://www.doaj.org/ The eGranary Digital Library - http://www.widernet.org/digitalLibrary/index.htm http://www.widernet.org/digitalLibrary/index.htm Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) - http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ OAIster.org - http://www.oaister.org/ http://www.oaister.org/ Scientific and Technical Information System - http://sist-prototype.sist-sciencesdev.net/ http://sist-prototype.sist-sciencesdev.net/ University of Toronto Libraries - T-Space - https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/ https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/ New Partnership with SPARC!

24. Recent additions International Journal of Environment Science and Technology (Iran) Iranian Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering African Health Sciences (Uganda) Health Policy and Development Journal (Uganda) Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences VITAE Academia Biomedica Digital (Venezuela) Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (Bangladesh) African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (Kenya)

26. Key events: June 2003, full open access Jan 2005, full OAI compliant

27. Increased visibility Traditional directories and indexes ( e.g. EBSCO’s A-Z service, Ulrich’s Serials Directory), ISI Web Content Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), African Journal Online (AJOL), Virtual Health Library of Latin America and Caribbean (BRIME), Latindex, Africa Index Medicus, eGranary Digital Library Accessibility from library catalogs through OpenURL Also accessible through HINARI and AGORA

28. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine Quarterly journal Based in Mumbai, India Print circulation <400 –Limited to school Paid subscription ~100 –Majority from India 50-80 articles published / year

29. Making more accessible JPGM at Bioline

30. Archived at multiple places JPGM at OAI server

31. JPGM at PubMed

32. www.jpgmonline.com

33. JPGM at DOAJ

34. Circle of Accessibility JPGMPubMed Directories e.g. DOAJ OAI servers T-Space Bioline International Search Engines Library catalogues OAI services e.g. OAIster.org Search Engines

35. Downloads and visitors Data: D.K. Sahu

36. Geographic distribution of visitors (n = 500)

37. Article submissions

38. International submissions

39. Projected Impact Factor

40. Economics of OA-P for India

41. Effect of OA on subscriptions

42. OA as a tool for dissemination Open access Increased visibility Larger readership Wider recognition Increased citations More authors and other benefits Circle of accessibility

43. Conclusions OA is increasing the visibility, accessibility and impact of some of the journals from developing countries Collaboration is key and low cost Open linking is crucial Need to develop value-added services with OA databases and open standards Alternative and more inclusive measures of research impact is emerging but OA is the foundation Long term funding is uncertain

44. Thank you! Questions? Please visit: http://www.bioline.org.br