1. Immigrants and Industry Keep these notes to study and read nightly for the Unit Test.

2. Land of Plenty America began to grow as more people heard about this land of opportunity. People even came from across seas, leaving their home Countries. They are known as immigrants. Most immigrant families were poor and lived in very small and crowded rooms.

3. Immigrants Who were these groups of people? Where did they come from? Why did they leave their homes? Once in American, what did they do? European Immigrants arrived at the coast (Ellis Island) to Ohio. *Recall transportation, how did early settler get to Ohio. Ellis Island

4. German Americans Ohio, The Buckeye State p.101-102 Departed from: Germany (in Europe) Why: To seek (find) political freedom, because democracy in Germany failed. Travel to the U.S. was cheap. More people came once their families in the U.S. were successfully settled. Cultural Practices: Famous for brewing good beer. Today Ohio still have Oktoberfests to celebrate German beer-making. Contributions: Skilled craftsmen working as carpenters, cigar makers, machinists and tailors. Others became farmers, laborers or builders of steamboats. Introduced the idea of kindergarten Oktoberfest Band

5. Irish Americans Ohio, The Buckeye State p.103-104 Departed From: Ireland Why: To find work (Because of the Great Potato Famine) Came with out their families Cultural Practices: Found jobs as unskilled workers Worked in dock yards and factories Worked digging canals or laying railroad tracks Contributions: Improved Ohio's economy by helping build canals and railroads. Active in politics and government Irish athletes popular on baseball teams Also many became priest and clergymen.

6. The Amish Ohio, The Buckeye State p.105-107 Departed From: Switzerland Why: They wanted to worship God peacefully They were persecuted for their religious beliefs Cultural Practices: Humility, Thrift, Simplicity, Obedience Forbid the use of cars, electricity, telephones, and television Speak “Pennsylvania Dutch” Work equals building character Contributions: Skilled craftsmen Highly prized: quilts, homemade jams, family style restaurants

7. Shaker Ohio Adventures in Time and Place p. 162 Departed From: England Why: They wanted to practice their religion Cultural Practices Strongly believed in peace Refused to go to war Believed all people were equal Didn’t believe in slavery Contributions The Society of Friends, peaceful alternative to Christianity Founder, George Fox

8. Ohio Immigrant Events Timeline 18301810 1800 1820 1840 1805- Shakers settle in Ohio 1824- First Jewish synagogue built in Cincinnati 1818- First Roman Catholic Church built in Somerset 1831 – Mormons settle in Kirkland

9. Ohio’s Economy Grows Ohio Adventures in Time and Place p.167- 173 Productive Resources LandLaborCapital Entrepre neurship Manufacturing – is making large amounts of goods in factories. What do you think this worker manufacturing?

10. The Factors of Production Land Includes all the natural resources on Earth. Soil, Water, Minerals, Animals and Plants Labor Workers with all their different skills and talents Capital The money and other things used to produce goods Buildings, tools, vehicles and machines to produce or transport goods. Entrepreneurship The skill, risk and leadership used by people to start a new business or produce something new. A combination of land, labor and capital are needed.

11. The Growth of Industry in Ohio Ohio Adventures in Time and Place p.210-215 Ohio begins to industry growth with the help of: Coal mining in Mahoning Valley Oil found in northwest Ohio Natural Gas found in Findlay and promised any business that would move there free fuel. Big Businessman, like John D. Rockefeller, America’s 1 st Billionaire Another important industry was steel imported from Michigan to Cleveland using Lake Erie. Oil fire 1944 at Standard Oil Company in Cleveland

12. Immigrants and Industry Keep these notes to study and read nightly for the Unit Test.