1. Start of idea for federation 1889. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxw8lfCoJL0#t=43

2. There are a few reasons Australia wanted to become a nation, and a lot of it is because a very good politician, Sir Henry Parkes. Back when Australia wasn’t a nation the country was split into 6 different colonies. Each of these colonies had their own currency and different taxes. This was incredibly hard for companies and to import things from one place to another. To be able to trade with other colonies there were fees which made it very expensive. Transport was a big part of the federation. If you wanted to get to Perth from Sydney on train you will have to get on several trains because each colony had different sized tracks. Also at every border you would have to go trough customs! The colonies each had their own defence force so defending against other countries will be extremely hard. In 1898 Sir Henry Parkes finally got his word through to the colonies and there was a referendum (A country votes on something) which QLD were left out of. Every colony agreed except NSW.

3. What changed in Australia at this time? The architecture: At this time people wanted to have a different style of house to the English as there was an optimistic idea of being ‘an Australian.’ This style consists of stain colour windows, expensive, smoothened wooden lining, tuck pointed red brick and many more. This type of house was quite expensive. The optimism and racial habits: In Australia around 1898-1901 everyone had a grand idea of being the first born ‘Australians.’ There were meetings with the first white Australians and we were very talented at cricket. Even though there is Indigenous men in women before the white settlement, people were extremely exclusive and racial to other races. There was a strongly believed thought that the new Australian race should be white and completely ignoring the founders of the land.

4. There were many cultures, religions and races that came to Australia in this federation era. A large quantity of people that came were the Chinese. There was great business for the Chinese. There were about 4,000 Italians recorded to immigrate to Australia in 1891. In the sugar cane industry in North Queensland many people from places such as Piedmont, Veneto and Sicily.

5. Out line a significant individual. Henry Parkes had a great deal to do with the federation of Australia. One of the reasons he wanted it to be this way is because he wanted to be the Prime Minister. Even though he was the premier of NSW, apparently that wasn’t good enough! So in 1890 Parkes called a meeting with all of the premier’s of the other colonies and made his point to try and convince them. 1889: The Tenterfield Address was a famous and inspirational Speech. It caught the eye of many people and helped With the voting of many men and women to make Their dicision. Parkes was a tough man and always wanted his way.

6. Several hundred people in Centennial Park in Sydney on the first day of being federated. Colony army. Painting of customs. The change of colonies and states.

8.  www.google.com www.google.com  www.kidcyber.com.au www.kidcyber.com.au  www.peo.gov.au www.peo.gov.au  www.peo.gov.au/learning/closer-look/federation-cl/federation- timeline.html www.peo.gov.au/learning/closer-look/federation-cl/federation- timeline.html  http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au  http://heritage.vic.gov.au/Heritage-places-objects/What- house-is-that/edwardian.html#inside http://heritage.vic.gov.au/Heritage-places-objects/What- house-is-that/edwardian.html#inside  http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/publications/papers- and-podcasts/immigration/white-australia.aspx http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/publications/papers- and-podcasts/immigration/white-australia.aspx  http://www.italianlegacy.com/italian-migration-to- australia.html http://www.italianlegacy.com/italian-migration-to- australia.html